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Contact

Department of Human Evolution

Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

Deutscher Platz 6
04103 Leipzig

phone: +49 (341) 3550 - 350
fax: +49 (0341) 3550 - 399

e-mail: streiber@[>>> Please remove the brackets! <<<]eva.mpg.de


Tracy Kivell

Post-Doctoral Researcher

Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Department of Human Evolution
Deutscher Platz 6
04103 Leipzig
Germany

e-mail: tracy_kivell@[>>> Please remove the brackets! <<<]eva.mpg.de

Research Interests
Curriculum Vitae
Publications

Research Interests

Tracy Kivell is a palaeoanthropologist who studies the functional morphology of the wrist and hand in extant and fossil primates. Her research focuses on extant and fossil hominoids, including fossil hominins, to further our understanding of the evolution of human bipedalism and hand use throughout our evolutionary history. She aims to understand functional morphology of this skeletal area through analyses of ontogeny, trabecular and cortical bone structure and the biomechanics of primate locomotion. Some of her current projects include:

  1. Functional morphology of fossil hominin hands, including Homo naledi and Australopithecus sediba
  2. Trabecular and cortical bone structure in extant and fossil primate hands to better understandlocomotion and tool-use in early hominins
  3. Biomechanical analyses of terrestrial and arboreal locomotion in apes

Tracy collaborates on these projects and others with several researchers both inside and outside of MPI-EVA, including Matthew Skinner (Kent), Dieter Pahr (Vienna University of Technology), Evie Vereecke (Leuven) Daniel Schmitt and Steve Churchill (Duke University), Lee Berger (University of the Witswatersrand) and David Begun (University of Toronto).

Tracy obtained her PhD at the University of Toronto on the ontogenetic morphology the hominoid midcarpal joint, focusing on Miocene hominoid wrist morphology and the origin of human bipedalism. Before coming to MPI-EVA, Tracy was a postdoctoral Research Associate in the Duke University Animal Locomotion Lab, studying primate locomotion through analyses of pressure, force and kinematics with Drs Daniel Schmitt and Roshna Wunderlich. She is currently PI on a European Research Council Starting Grant entitled “The evolution of the human hand: grasping trees and tools” and Director of the Animal Postcranial Evolution (APE) Lab at the University of Kent.

Tracy has participated in field excavations of Miocene sites in Hungary as well as Plio-Pleistocene and Holocene sites in South Africa.

Curriculum Vitae

Personal Information

Citizenship: Canadian

Education

2007Ph.D.
University of Toronto, Dept. of Anthropology (Dr. David Begun)
Thesis title: Ontogeny of the hominoid midcarpal joint and implications for the origin of hominin bipedalism
2002M.A.
University of Toronto, Dept. of Anthropology (Dr. David Begun)
Thesis title: No longer enigmatic: Reevaluation of Oreopithecus bambolii positional repertoire
2001Hon. B.Sc.
University of Western Ontario/University of Toronto,
Dept. of Anthropology

Research Interests

  • Origin of human bipedal locomotion
  • Biomechanics of primate locomotion and limb morphology
  • Developmental and functional morphology in living and fossil primates
  • Miocene hominoid morphology and evolution
  • Convergent evolution and morphological integration in the primate skeleton

Current Research

2009-present

Director of research on Homo naledi and Australopithecus sediba hand fossils:
Investigation of H. naledi and Au. sediba hand remains from South Africa in collaboration with several researchers,
including Lee Berger (University of the Witswatersrand), Steve Churchill (Duke University) and Matthew Skinner (Kent).

Fossil hominin and hominoid hand use:
Comparative investigation of fossil hominin (australopiths to Neandertals) and Miocene hominoid hand remains using morphometric and micro-CT data.
This research aims to shed light on locomotor and tool-use behaviours throughout the evolution of the human lineage.
Collaborators: Matthew Skinner (UCL), Steve Churchill (Duke University), David Begun (University of Toronto).
2009-presentFunctional signals in trabecular and cortical bone structure:
A comparative investigation of internal bony morphology of the primate hand to assess variation in joint loading patterns and how this reflects differences in locomotor and manipulative behaviours.
Collaborators: Matthew Skinner (Kent), Dieter Pahr (Vienna University of Technology), Jean-Jacques Hublin (Max Planck Institute-EVA), Andrew Gee and Graham Treece (Cambridge) and Richard Lazenby (University of Northern British Columbia).
2008-presentBiomechanics of ape locomotion:
Investigation of variation in biomechanics of terrestrial and arboreal locomotion in gorilla, chimpanzees and bonobos in both captive and natural settings.
Collaborators: Daniel Schmitt and Brian Hare (Duke University) and Roshna Wunderlich (James Madison University) and Sandra Nauwelaerts (Antwerp).
2007-2011Biomechanics of lemur locomotion:
Experimental analyses of aye-aye locomotion, as well as other lemur species, through an analysis of pressure and force experienced by the fore- and hindlimbs on inclined and horizontal substrates at the Duke Lemur Centre.
Collaborators: Roshna Wunderlich (James Madison University), Daniel Schmitt (Duke University) and Jandy Hanna (West Virginia School of Medicine).

Professional Employment

2014-presentReader in Biological Anthropology,
School of Anthropology and Conservation,
The University of Kent
2013-2014Lecturer in Biological Anthropology,
School of Anthropology and Conservation,
The University of Kent
2013-present Researcher,
Dept. Human Evolution,
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
2009-2013Junior Researcher,
Dept. Human Evolution,
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
2008-2009Postdoctoral Research Associate,
Dept. Evolutionary Anthropology and Duke School of Medicine,
Duke University
2007-2009Researcher,
Duke Lemur Centre,
Duke University
2007-2008Visiting Assistant Professor,
Dept. of Biological Anthropology and Anatomy,
Duke University
2006Sessional Instructor,
Dept. of Social Sciences,
University of Toronto at Scarborough
2006Sessional Instructor,
Dept. of Anthropology,
McMaster University
2004-2005Sessional Instructor,
Dept. of Anthropology,
University of Toronto at Mississauga

Grants, Awards and Scholarships

2014-2019European Research Council (ERC) Starting Grant 2013
 (€1 622 053)
Principal Investigator, “GRASP, The evolution of the human hand: grasping trees and tools”
Grant #336301
2009American Association of Anatomists Travel Award
($250)
2009American Association of Anatomists
Finalist for Postdoctoral Poster Presentation Award
2007University of Toronto Doctoral Dissertation Completion Grant
($1200)
2007University of Toronto Graduate Fellowship,
Conference funding ($900)
2006-2007General Motors Women in Science and Mathematics Award
(3800)
2006-2007University of Toronto Foundation Graduate Award
($600)
2006University of Toronto Fellowship
($1250)
2006University of Toronto Fellowship,
Research and Conference funding
($1000)
2004-2006Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
($21 000/yr)
2005-2006General Motors Women in Science and Mathematics Award
($4000)
2005University of Toronto,
School of Graduate Studies Travel Grant
($3000)
2005University of Toronto Graduate Fellowship,
Research/Conference funding ($500)
2002-2004Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
($21 000/yr)
2004Baden-Württemberg Research Scholarship
($3200)
2004Ontario Graduate Scholarship (OGS)
($15 000 - declined)
2003University of Toronto Graduate Fellowship,
Research/Conference funding
($500)
2003University of Toronto International Student Exchange Bursary
($220)
2002Ontario Graduate Scholarship (OGS)
($15 000 - declined)
2002-2006University of Toronto Graduate Fellowship,
Departmental top-up ($1200)
2001Ontario Graduate Scholarship (OGS)
($15 000)
2001University of Toronto Graduate Fellowship,
Departmental top-up ($5000)

Teaching Experience

Graduate Course Instructorships

Duke University

  • Human Gross Anatomy (dissection-based), Duke School of Medicine (2008)
  • Oncoanatomy Education (Dept. of Radiation Oncology), Duke School of Medicine (2008-9)
  • Special Topics in Human Anatomy (Ophthalmology and Ob-Gyn) (2008-9)
  • Graduate Student Independent Study (2008-9)
Undergraduate Course Instructorships

Duke University

2008Introduction to Biological Anthropology
2008Human Evolution
2008Anthropology of the Skeleton
2007The Human Body (dissection-based)


University of Toronto

2006The Foundations and Theory of Human Origins
2004-2005Human Origins


McMaster University

2006Primate Evolution
2006The Human Species: Becoming and Being Human
Mentoring

Undergraduate honours thesis supervised

2008-09Michael Catalino
"Primate limb conformation: Implications for mechanical energy conservation"
2008-09Erik Stubberud
"Relative distribution of force across limbs during descent in aye-ayes"
2007-08Elizabeth Kramer
"Palmar pressure distribution during locomotion of the aye-aye"


Undergraduate honours thesis committee member

2008-09Kevin Hatala
"Cross-sectional geometry of the subtrochanteric femur"
2008-09Gail Ukato
"Gender and race difference in osteoarthritis of the knee"
2008-09Jasmine Swaniker
"Muscle fibre architecture in great apes"
2007-08Cassandra Kisby
"The anatomy of breathing"
2007-08Rita Baumgartner
"Why do sifakas gallop?"
2007-08Anita Pai
Tuning mechanisms of primate locomotion"
2007-08Elizabeth Kramer
Identifying morphological changes of the aging glenoid labrum on MRIs"
Lab Instructorships

University of Toronto

  • Palaeoanthropology (2005, 2007)
  • Human Evolutionary Anatomy (2003, 2005, 2006)
  • Human Osteology (2004)
Teaching Assistantships

University of Toronto

  • Human Biology and Evolution (2004, 2005-06)
  • Introduction to Anthropology (2003-04)
  • Health, Diet and Disease in the Past (2003)
  • Introduction to Archaeology (2003)

Fieldwork Experience

2006Rudabánya: Hungarian Geological Institute, Budapest, Hungary
Palaeontological excavation of late Miocene locality and Dryopithecus fossil remains with Dr. David Begun (University of Toronto) and Dr. Laszlo Kordos (Geological Museum of Hungary).
2003Felsõtárkány: Hungarian Geological Institute, Budapest, Hungary
Palaeontological excavation of new middle Miocene locality of Felsõtárkány with Dr. David Begun (University of Toronto) and in collaboration with Drs. Laszlo Kordos (Geological Museum of Hungary) and János Hír (Pásztó Municipal Museum, Pásztó Hungary).
2001University of Cape Town, South Africa
Collaborative research project in South Africa with Drs Susan Pfeiffer, Judy Sealy and representatives of the Khoisan Indigenous Peoples. Research included the analysis of indigenous southern African skeletal remains from a variety of Later Stone Age sites.
2000Sterkfontein: University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Palaeontological excavation of Pliocene fossil hominin remains.
1999Sibudu Cave Shelter: University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Archaeological excavation of Middle Stone Age site focusing on the origins of early human modernity (ACACIA Fieldschool).

Publications

Articles

Williams-Hatala, E. M., Hatala, K. G., Gordon, M., Key, A., Kasper, M., & Kivell, T. L. (2018). The manual pressures of stone tool behaviors and their implications for the evolution of the human hand. Journal of Human Evolution,119, 14-26.
DOI    BibTeX   Endnote   
Tsegai, Z. J., Stephens, N. B., Treece, G. M., Skinner, M. M., Kivell, T. L., & Gee, A. H. (2017). Cortical bone mapping: An application to hand and foot bones in hominoids. Comptes Rendus Palevol,16(5-6), 690-701.
DOI    BibTeX   Endnote   
Tsegai, Z. J., Skinner, M. M., Pahr, D. H., Hublin, J.-J., & Kivell, T. L. (2018). Systemic patterns of trabecular bone across the human and chimpanzee skeleton. Journal of Anatomy,232(4), 641-656.
DOI    BibTeX   Endnote   
Tsegai, Z. J., Skinner, M. M., Pahr, D. H., Hublin, J.-J., & Kivell, T. L. (2018). Ontogeny and variability of trabecular bone in the chimpanzee humerus, femur and tibia. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,167(4), 713-736.
DOI    BibTeX   Endnote   
Tsegai, Z. J., Skinner, M. M., Gee, A. H., Pahr, D. H., Treece, G. M., Hublin, J.-J., & Kivell, T. L. (2017). Trabecular and cortical bone structure of the talus and distal tibia in Pan and Homo. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,163(4), 784-805.
DOI    BibTeX   Endnote   
Tsegai, Z. J., Kivell, T. L., Gross, T., Nguyen, H. N., Pahr, D. H., Smaers, J. B., & Skinner, M. M. (2013). Trabecular bone structure correlates with hand posture and use in hominoids. PLoS One,8(11): e78781.
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Synek, A., Lu, S.-C., Vereecke, E. E., Nauwelaerts, S., Kivell, T. L., & Pahr, D. H. (2019). Musculoskeletal models of a human and bonobo finger: parameter identification and comparison to in vitro experiments. PeerJ,7: e7470.
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Synek, A., Lu, S.-C., Nauwelaerts, S., Pahr, D. H., & Kivell, T. L. (2020). Metacarpophalangeal joint loads during bonobo locomotion: Model predictions versus proxies. Journal of The Royal Society Interface,17(164): 20200032.
DOI    BibTeX   Endnote   
Synek, A., Dunmore, C. J., Kivell, T. L., Skinner, M. M., & Pahr, D. H. (2019). Inverse remodelling algorithm identifies habitual manual activities of primates based on metacarpal bone architecture. Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology,18(2), 399-410.
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Stephens, N. B., Kivell, T. L., Pahr, D., Hublin, J.-J., & Skinner, M. M. (2018). Trabecular bone patterning across the human hand. Journal of Human Evolution,123, 1-23.
DOI    BibTeX   Endnote   
Stephens, N. B., Kivell, T. L., Gross, T., Pahr, D. H., Lazenby, R. A., Hublin, J.-J., Hershkovitz, I., & Skinner, M. M. (2016). Trabecular architecture in the thumb of Pan and Homo: Implications for investigating hand use, loading, and hand preference in the fossil record. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,161(4), 603-619.
DOI    BibTeX   Endnote   
Skinner, M. M., Stephens, N. B., Tsegai, Z. J., Foote, A. C., Nguyen, H. N., Gross, T., Pahr, D. H., Hublin, J.-J., & Kivell, T. L. (2015). Response to Comment on “Human-like hand use in Australopithecus africanus”. Science Magazine,348(6239), 1101 -1101.
DOI    BibTeX   Endnote   
Skinner, M. M., Stephens, N. B., Tsegai, Z. J., Foote, A. C., Nguyen, H. N., Gross, T., Pahr, D. H., Hublin, J.-J., & Kivell, T. L. (2015). Human-like hand use in Australopithecus africanus. Science,347(6220), 395-399.
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Skinner, M. M., Kivell, T. L., Potze, S., & Hublin, J.-J. (2013). Microtomographic archive of fossil hominin specimens from Kromdraai B, South Africa. Journal of Human Evolution,64(5), 434-447.
DOI    BibTeX   Endnote   
Schoonaert, K., D'Août, K., Samuel, D., Talloen, W., Nauwelaerts, S., Kivell, T. L., & Aerts, P. (2016). Gait characteristics and spatio-temporal variables of climbing in bonobos (Pan paniscus). American Journal of Primatology,78(11), 1165-1177.
DOI    BibTeX   Endnote   
Schilling, A.-M., Tofanelli, S., Hublin, J.-J., & Kivell, T. L. (2014). Trabecular bone structure in the primate wrist. Journal of Morphology,275(5), 572-585.
DOI    BibTeX   Endnote   
Samuel, D. S., Nauwelaerts, S., Stevens, J. M. G., & Kivell, T. L. (2018). Hand pressures during arboreal locomotion in captive bonobos (Pan paniscus). Journal of Experimental Biology,221(8): jeb170910.
DOI    BibTeX   Endnote   
Ríos, L., Kivell, T. L., Lalueza-Fox, C., Estalrrich, A., García-Tabernero, A., Huguet, R., Quintino, Y., de la Rasilla, M., & Rosas, A. (2019). Skeletal anomalies in the Neandertal family of El Sidrón (Spain) support a role of inbreeding in Neandertal extinction. Scientific Reports,9: 1697.
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Pouydebat, E., Fragaszy, D. M., & Kivell, T. L. (2014). Grasping in primates: For feeding, moving and human specificities = Saisir chez les primates: Se nourrir, se deplacer et les specificités humaines. Bulletins et mémoires de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris; BMSAP,26(3-4), 129-133.
DOI    BibTeX   Endnote   
Nguyen, H. N., Pahr, D. H., Gross, T., Skinner, M. M., & Kivell, T. L. (2014). Micro-finite element (μFE) modeling of the siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus) third proximal phalanx: The functional role of curvature and the flexor sheath ridge. Journal of Human Evolution,67, 60-75.
DOI    BibTeX   Endnote   
Neufuss, J., Robbins, M. M., Bäumer, J., Humle, T., & Kivell, T. L. (2018). Manual skills for food processing by mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society,127(3), 543-562.
DOI    BibTeX   Endnote   
Neufuss, J., Robbins, M. M., Bäumer, J., Humle, T., & Kivell, T. L. (2018). Gait characteristics of vertical climbing in mountain gorillas and chimpanzees. Journal of Zoology,306(2), 129-138.
DOI    BibTeX   Endnote   
Neufuss, J., Robbins, M. M., Baeumer, J., Humle, T., & Kivell, T. L. (2017). Comparison of hand use and forelimb posture during vertical climbing in mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). American Journal of Physical Anthropology,164(4), 651-664.
DOI    BibTeX   Endnote   
Neufuss, J., Humle, T., Cremaschi, A., & Kivell, T. L. (2017). Nut-cracking behaviour in wild-born, rehabilitated bonobos (Pan paniscus): A comprehensive study of hand-preference, hand grips and efficiency. American Journal of Primatology,79(2), 1-16.
DOI    BibTeX   Endnote   
McGoogan, K., Kivell, T., Hutchison, M., Young, H., Blanchard, S., Keeth, M., & Lehman, S. M. (2007). Phylogenetic diversity and the conservation biogeography of African primates. Journal of Biogeography,34(11), 1962-1974.
DOI    BibTeX   Endnote   
Lu, S. C., Vereecke, E. E., Synek, A., Pahr, D. H., & Kivell, T. L. (2018). A novel experimental design for the measurement of metacarpal bone loading and deformation and fingertip force. PeerJ, 5480.
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Lazenby, R. A., Skinner, M. M., Kivell, T. L., & Hublin, J.-J. (2011). Scaling VOI Size in 3D lCT Studies of Trabecular Bone: A Test of the Over-Sampling Hypothesis. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,144(2), 196-203.
DOI    BibTeX   Endnote   
Kivell, T. L., Skinner, M. M., Lazenby, R., & Hublin, J.-J. (2011). Methodological considerations for analyzing trabecular architecture: an example from the primate hand. Journal of Anatomy,218(2), 209-225.
DOI    BibTeX   Endnote   
Kivell, T. L., Schmitt, D., & Wunderlich, R. E. (2010). Hand and foot pressures in the aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis) reveal novel biomechanical trade-offs required for walking on gracile digits. Journal of Experimental Biology,213(9), 1549-1557.
DOI    BibTeX   Endnote   
Kivell, T. L., Rosas, A., Estalrrich, A., Huguet, R., García-Tabernero, A., Ríos, L., & de la Rasilla, M. (2018). New Neandertal wrist bones from El Sidrón, Spain (1994–2009). Journal of Human Evolution,114, 45-75.
DOI    BibTeX   Endnote   
Kivell, T. L., Kibii, J. M., Churchill, S. E., Schmid, P., & Berger, L. R. (2011). Australopithecus sediba Hand Demonstrates Mosaic Evolution of Locomotor and Manipulative Abilities. Science,333(6048), 1411-1417.
DOI    BibTeX   Endnote   
Kivell, T. L., Guimont, I., & Wall, C. E. (2013). Sex-Related Shape Dimorphism in the Human Radiocarpal and Midcarpal Joints. The Anatomical Record,226(1), 19-30.
DOI    BibTeX   Endnote   
Kivell, T. L., Doyle, S. K., Madden, R. H., Mitchell, T. L., & Sims, E. L. (2009). An interactive method for teaching anatomy of the human eye for medical students in ophthalmology clinical rotations. Anatomical Sciences Education,2(4), 173-178.
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Kivell, T. L., Deane, A. S., Tocheri, M. W., Orr, C. M., Schmid, P., Hawks, J., Berger, L. R., & Churchill, S. E. (2015). The hand of Homo naledi. Nature Communications,6: 8431.
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Kivell, T. L., Davenport, R., Hublin, J.-J., Thackeray, J. F., & Skinner, M. M. (2018). Trabecular architecture and joint loading of the proximal humerus in extant hominoids, Ateles, and Australopithecus africanus. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,167(2), 348-365.
DOI    BibTeX   Endnote   
Kivell, T. L., Barros, A. P., & Smaers, J. B. (2013). Different evolutionary pathways underlie the morphology of wrist bones in hominoids. BMC Evolutionary Biology,13: 229.
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Kivell, T. L., & Schmitt, D. (2009). Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking ancestor. PNAS,106(34), 14241-14246.
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Kivell, T. L., & Begun, D. R. (2009). New primate carpal bones from Rudabánya (late Miocene, Hungary): Taxonomic and functional implications. Journal of Human Evolution,57(6), 697-709.
DOI    BibTeX   Endnote   
Kivell, T. L., & Begun, D. R. (2007). Frequency and timing of scaphoid-centrale fusion in hominoids. Journal of Human Evolution,52(3), 321-340.
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Kivell, T. L. (2019). Fossil ape hints at how bipedal walking evolved. Nature,575, 445-446.
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Kivell, T. L. (2016). A review of trabecular bone functional adaptation: What have we learned from trabecular analyses in extant hominoids and what can we apply to fossils? Journal of Anatomy,228(4), 569-594.
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Kivell, T. L. (2015). Evidence in hand: Recent discoveries and the early evolution of human manual manipulation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences,370(1682): 20150105.
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Kivell, T. L. (2011). A comparative analysis of the hominin triquetrum (SKX 3498) from Swartkrans, South Africa. South African Journal of Science,107(5/6): 515, pp. 1-10.
DOI    BibTeX   Endnote   
Key, A., Merritt, S. R., & Kivell, T. L. (2018). Hand grip diversity and frequency during the use of Lower Palaeolithic stone cutting-tools. Journal of Human Evolution,125, 137-158.
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Hawks, J., Elliott, M., Schmid, P., Churchill, S. E., Ruiter, D. J. d., Roberts, E. M., Hilbert-Wolf, H., Garvin, H. M., Williams, S. A., Delezene, L. K., Feuerriegel, E. M., Randolph-Quinney, P., Kivell, T. L., Laird, M. F., Tawane, G., DeSilva, J. M., Bailey, S. E., Brophy, J. K., Meyer, M. R., Skinner, M. M., Tocheri, M. W., VanSickle, C., Walker, C. S., Campbell, T. L., Kuhn, B., Kruger, A., Tucker, S., Gurtov, A., Hlophe, N., Hunter, R., Morris, H., Peixotto, B., Ramalepa, M., Rooyen, D. v., Tsikoane, M., Boshoff, P., Dirks, P. H., & Berger, L. R. (2017). New fossil remains of Homo naledi from the Lesedi Chamber, South Africa. eLife,6: e24232.
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Groucutt, H. S., Grün, R., Zalmout, I. A. S., Drake, N. A., Armitage, S. J., Candy, I., Clark-Wilson, R., Louys, J., Breeze, P. S., Duval, M., Buck, L. T., Kivell, T. L., Pomeroy, E., Stephens, N. B., Stock, J. T., Stewart, M., Price, G. J., Kinsley, L., Sung, W. W., Alsharekh, A., Al-Omari, A., Zahir, M., Memesh, A. M., Abdulshakoor, A. J., Al-Masari, A. M., Bahameem, A. A., Murayyi, K. M. S. A., Zahrani, B., Scerri, E. L. M., & Petraglia, M. D. (2018). Homo sapiens in Arabia by 85,000 years ago. Nature Ecology & Evolution,2, 800-809.
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Gross, T., Kivell, T. L., Skinner, M. M., Nguyen, H. N., & Pahr, D. H. (2014). A CT-image-based framework for the holistic analysis of cortical and trabecular bone morphology. Palaeontologia Electronica,17(3): 17.3.33A. Retrieved from http://palaeo-electronica.org/content/2014/889-holistic-analysis-of-bone.
BibTeX   Endnote   
Georgiou, L., Kivell, T. L., Pahr, D. H., Buck, L. T., & Skinner, M. M. (2019). Trabecular architecture of the great ape and human femoral head. Journal of Anatomy,234(5), 679-693.
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Georgiou, L., Kivell, T. L., Pahr, D. H., & Skinner, M. M. (2018). Trabecular bone patterning in the hominoid distal femur. PeerJ,6: e5156.
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Georgiou, L., Dunmore, C. J., Bardo, A., Buck, L. T., Hublin, J.-J., Pahr, D. H., Stratford, D., Synek, A., Kivell, T. L., & Skinner, M. M. (2020). Evidence for habitual climbing in a Pleistocene hominin in South Africa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,117(15): 8423.
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Feix, T., Kivell, T. L., Pouydebat, E., & Dollar, A. M. (2015). Estimating thumb–index finger precision grip and manipulation potential in extant and fossil primates. Interface: Journal of the Royal Society,12(106): 0176.
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Dunmore, C. J., Skinner, M. M., Bardo, A., Berger, L. R., Hublin, J.-J., Pahr, D. H., Rosas, A., Stephens, N. B., & Kivell, T. L. (2020). The position of Australopithecus sediba within fossil hominin hand use diversity (advance online). Nature Ecology & Evolution.
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Dunmore, C. J., Kivell, T. L., Bardo, A., & Skinner, M. (2019). Metacarpal trabecular bone varies with distinct hand-positions used in hominid locomotion. Journal of Anatomy,235(1), 45-66.
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Dunmore, C. J., Bardo, A., Skinner, M. M., & Kivell, T. L. (2020). Trabecular variation in the first metacarpal and manipulation in hominids. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,171(2), 219-241.
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Chirchir, H., Kivell, T. L., Ruff, C. B., Hublin, J.-J., Carlson, K. J., Zipfel, B., & Richmond, B. G. (2015). Recent origin of low trabecular bone density in modern humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,112(2), 366-371.
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Chino, J. P., Lee, W. R., Madden, R., Sims, E. L., Kivell, T. L., Doyle, S. K., Mitchell, T. L., Hoppenworth, E. J., & Marks, L. B. (2011). Teaching the Anatomy of Oncology: Evaluating the Impact of a Dedicated Oncoanatomy Course. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology, Biology, Physics,79(3), 853-859.
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Berger, L. R., Hawks, J., de Ruiter, D. J., Churchill, S. E., Schmid, P., Delezene, L. K., Kivell, T. L., Garvin, H. M., Williams, S. A., DeSilva, J. M., Skinner, M. M., Musiba, C. M., Cameron, N., Holliday, T. W., Harcourt-Smith, W., Ackermann, R. R., Bastir, M., Bogin, B., Bolter, D., Brophy, J., Cofran, Z. D., Congdon, K. A., Deane, A. S., Dembo, M., Drapeau, M., Elliott, M. C., Feuerriegel, E. M., Garcia-Martinez, D., Green, D. J., Gurtov, A., Irish, J. D., Kruger, A., Laird, M. F., Marchi, D., Meyer, M. R., Nalla, S., Negash, E. W., Orr, C. M., Radovcic, D., Schroeder, L., Scott, J. E., Throckmorton, Z., Tocheri, M. W., VanSickle, C., Walker, C. S., Wei, P., & Zipfel, B. (2015). Homo naledi, a new species of the genus Homo from the Dinaledi Chamber, South Africa. eLife, e09560.
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Behringer, V., Stevens, J. M. G., Kivell, T. L., Neufuss, J., Boesch, C., & Hohmann, G. (2016). Within arm's reach: Measuring forearm length to assess growth patterns in captive bonobos and chimpanzees. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,161(1), 37-43.
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Begun, D. R., & Kivell, T. L. (2011). Knuckle-walking in Sivapithecus? The combined effects of homology and homoplasy with possible implications for pongine dispersals. Journal of Human Evolution,60(2), 158-170.
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Bardo, A., Vigouroux, L., Kivell, T. L., & Pouydebat, E. (2018). The impact of hand proportions on tool grip abilities in humans, great apes and fossil hominins: A biomechanical analysis using musculoskeletal simulation. Journal of Human Evolution,125, 106-121.
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Books

Kivell, T. L., Lemelin, P., Richmond, B. G., & Schmitt, D. (Eds.). (2016).The evolution of the primate hand: Anatomical, developmental, functional, and paleontological evidence. New York [u.a.]: Springer.
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Book Chapters

Kivell, T. L., Lemelin, P., Richmond, B. G., & Schmitt, D. (2016). Introduction. In T. L. Kivell, P. Lemelin, B. G. Richmond, & D. Schmitt (Eds.), The evolution of the primate hand: Anatomical, developmental, functional, and paleontological evidence (pp. 1-3). New York [u.a.]: Springer.
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Kivell, T. L. (2016). The primate wrist. In T. L. Kivell, P. Lemelin, B. G. Richmond, & D. Schmitt (Eds.), The evolution of the primate hand: Anatomical, developmental, functional, and paleontological evidence (pp. 17-54). New York [u.a.]: Springer.
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Kivell, T. L. (2007). Discovering the past: Sibudu Cave. In M. Chazan (Ed.), World prehistory and archaeology: Pathways through time (pp. 142-143). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
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Posters

Nguyen, H. N., Kivell, T. L., Skinner, M. M., Pahr, D. H., & Hublin, J.-J. (2012).Three-dimensional microstructure finite element modelling of the third proximal phalanx in the siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus). Poster presented at 2nd Annual Meeting of the European Society for the Study of Human Evolution, Bordeaux.
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Meeting Abstracts

Wunderlich, R. E., & Kivell, T. L. (2009). Postcranial ontogeny in captive sifaka (Propithecus verreauxi). American Journal of Physical Anthropology,138(S48), 277-277.
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Williams-Hatala, E. M., Key, A., Stephens, N. B., & Kivell, T. L. (2016). Predictions for an osteological signature of stone tool behaviors in hard tissue anatomy. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,159(S62), 335-335.
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Williams-Hatala, E. M., Hatala, K. G., Key, A., Dunmore, C. J., & Kivell, T. L. (2020). Kinetics of stone tool production in novice and expert toolmakers. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,171(S69), 308-309.
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Williams-Hatala, E. M., Hatala, K. G., Gordon, M., Kasper, M., & Kivell, T. L. (2017). The biomechanics of stone tool behaviors and implications for the evolution of the human hand. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,162(S64), 411-411.
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Williams-Hatala, E. M., Hatala, K. G., Gordon, M., Kasper, M., & Kivell, T. L. (2017). The biochemanics of stone tool behaviors and imlications for the evolution of the human hand. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,162(S64), 411-411.
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Tsegai, Z. J., Skinner, M. M., Pahr, D., Hublin, J.-J., & Kivell, T. L. (2018). Trabecular bone ontogeny in the forelimb and hindlimb of chimpanzees. In Proceedings of the European Society for the study of Human Evolution (PESHE) (7, pp. 190).
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Tsegai, Z. J., Skinner, M. M., Pahr, D. H., Hublin, J.-J., & Kivell, T. L. (2016). Systemic patterns of trabecular structure in Homo and Pan: Evaluating inter- and intraspecific variability across anatomical sites. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,159(S62), 318-319.
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Tsegai, Z. J., Skinner, M. M., Pahr, D. H., Hublin, J.-J., & Kivell, T. L. (2015). Trabecular bone architecture and distribution in the talus and distal tibia of Homo and Pan. In 5th Annual Meeting of the European Society for the Study of Human Evolution (ESHE) (pp. 221-221). European Society for the Study of Human Evolution (ESHE).
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Tsegai, Z. J., Kivell, T. L., Gross, T., Nguyen, H. N., Pahr, D. H., & Skinner, M. M. (2013). Trabecular bone distribution in the hominoid third metacarpal head reflects predicted loaded joint position. In European Society for the study of Human Evolution (Ed.), Proceedings of the European Society for the study of Human Evolution 2 (PESHE 2) (pp. 227-227). Retrieved from http://eshe.eu/static/eshe/files/ESHE_Vienna_2013_Abstracts.pdf.
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Tsegai, Z. J., Kivell, T. L., Gross, T., Nguyen, H. N., Pahr, D. H., & Skinner, M. M. (2013). Identifying behavioural signals in trabecular bone structure of the hominoid third metacarpal. Folia primatologica,84, 334.
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Tsegai, Z. J., Kivell, T. L., & Skinner, M. M. (2019). Trabecular structure of the third metatarsal head distinguishes between a grasping and non-grasping foot. In Proceedings of the European Society for the study of Human Evolution (PESHE) (8, pp. 188).
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Stephens, N., Kivell, T. L., Nguyen, H. N., Gross, T., Pahr, D. H., Hublin, J.-J., & Skinner, M. M. (2013). Trabecular bone architecture in the thumb of Homo and Pan: Handedness and evidence for taxonomic differences. In European Society for the study of Human Evolution (Ed.), Proceedings of the European Society for the study of Human Evolution 2 (PESHE 2) (pp. 215-215). Retrieved from http://eshe.eu/static/eshe/files/ESHE_Vienna_2013_Abstracts.pdf.
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Stephens, N. B., Kivell, T. L., Pahr, D., Hublin, J.-J., & Skinner, M. M. (2017). Trabecular bone patterning across the human hand: Implications for reconstructing behavior and manipulation in past populations. In Proceedings of the European Society for the study of Human Evolution (PESHE) (6, pp. 190).
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Stephens, N. B., Kivell, T. L., Pahr, D. H., Gee, A. H., Treece, G. M., Hublin, J.-J., & Skinner, M. M. (2016). Signals of loading and function in the human hand: A multi-method analysis of the external cortical and internal trabecular bone of the metacarpals. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,159(S62), 302-303.
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Stephens, N. B., Kivell, T. L., Nguyen, H. N., Pahr, D. H., Gross, T., Hublin, J.-J., & Skinner, M. M. (2013). Trabecular bone architecture in the thumb of recent Homo sapiens, Pan, and Late Pleistocene Homo: taxonomic differences and evidence for handedness. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,150(S56), 262-263.
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Schmitt, D., Zeininger, A., Hamrick, E., Snyder, M. L., Kivell, T. L., & Wunderlich, R. E. (2016). Gorilla limb kinematics and hominoid locomotor diversity: Implications for hominin locomotor evolution. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,159(S62), 282-282.
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Pouydebat, E., Reghem, E., & Kivell, T. L. (2013). Eco-ethological and kinematical approaches to grasping in primates. Folia primatologica,84(3-5), 314-314.
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Parker, L. R., Wunderlich, R. E., & Kivell, T. L. (2010). Manual and pedal pressures during sloped quadrupedal locomotion in Lemur catta and Varecia rubra. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,141(S50), 185-185.
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Nguyen, H. N., Pahr, D. H., Gross, T., Skinner, M. M., & Kivell, T. L. (2013). The biomechanical role of trabecular bone in the siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus) manual proximal phalanx. In European Society for the study of Human Evolution (Ed.), Proceedings of the European Society for the study of Human Evolution 2 (PESHE 2) (pp. 160-160). Retrieved from http://eshe.eu/static/eshe/files/ESHE_Vienna_2013_Abstracts.pdf.
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Neufuss, J., Robbins, M. M., Bäumer, J., Humle, T., & Kivell, T. L. (2017). Comparison of hand use and forelimb mechanics of vertical climbing in wild mountain gorillas and free-ranging chimpanzees. Folia primatologica,88(2), 138-139.
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Neufuss, J., Humle, T., Deschner, T., Robbins, M. M., Sirianni, G., Boesch, C., & Kivell, T. L. (2015). Diversity of hand grips and laterality in wild African apes. Folia primatologica,86(4), 329.
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Neufuss, J., Deschner, T., Robbins, M., Pouydebat, E., & Kivell, T. (2013). Hand use during non-locomotor behaviours in the wild African Apes. Folia primatologica,84, 307.
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Miszkiewicz, J. J., Kivell, T. L., Schlecht, S. H., & Mahoney, P. (2015). Investigating the extent to which entheseal changes reflect bone remodeling at the modern human femoral midshaft. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,156(S60), 227-227.
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Lockwood, V. A., Lu, S.-C., Winter, S., & Kivell, T. L. (2020). Support size and thumb position preferences in humans during suspension and vertical climbing: Implications for hominin hand evolution. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,171(S69), 164-164.
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Komza, K., Kivell, T. L., & Skinner, M. M. (2018). Unique forms of locomotion in Swartkrans hominins: An analysis of the trabecular structure of the first metatarsal. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,165(S66), 144-144.
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Kivell, T. L., Wunderlich, R. E., & Kramer, E. M. (2009). Aye-aye hand and foot postures and loading during quadrupedal locomotion. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,138(S48), 166-166.
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Kivell, T. L., Skinner, M. M., Lazenby, R., & Hublin, J.-J. (2011). Trabecular bone structure of the fossil hominin first metacarpals. In Abstracts of the 1st Annual Meeting of the European Society for the Study of Human Evolution.
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Kivell, T. L., Skinner, M. M., Lazenby, R., & Hublin, J.-J. (2011). Trabecular architecture of the hominoid carpus. The FASEB Journal,25(Supplement): 183.7.
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Kivell, T. L., Skinner, M. M., Lazenby, R. L., & Hublin, J.-J. (2012). Trabecular architecture of fossil hominin first metacarpals. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,147(S54), 182-182.
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Kivell, T. L., Nguyen, H. N., Tsegai, Z. J., Gross, T., Pahr, D. H., Hublin, J.-J., & Skinner, M. M. (2014). Fossils, trabeculae and finite element modelling: A holistic approach to reconstructing behaviour in the past. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,153(S58), 158.
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Kivell, T. L., Kibii, J. M., Churchill, S. E., & Berger, L. R. (2011).Evolution of the hominin hand: old and new evidence from the Plio-Pleistocene.
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Kivell, T. L., Estalrrich, A., Huguet, R., Garcia-Tabernero, A., Rios, L., de la Rasilla, M., & Rosas, A. (2017). It's all in the wrist: New Neandertal carpal bones from El Sidrón (Asturias, Spain). American Journal of Physical Anthropology,162(S64), 246-246.
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Kivell, T. L., Dunmore, C. J., Lu, S. C., Synek, A., Bardo, A., Bird, E. E., Decker, K. A. P., Key, A. J. M., Pahr, D. H., & Skinner, M. M. (2019). Signals of locomotion and manipulation in the internal trabecular bone structure of extant hominoids and fossil hominins. Journal of Morphology,280(S1), S17-S18.
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Kivell, T. L., Deane, A. S., Tocheri, M. W., Orr, C. M., Schmid, P., Hawks, J., Berger, L. R., & Churchill, S. E. (2016). Functional interpretation of the Homo naledi hand. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,159(S62), 192-192.
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Kivell, T. L., Barros, A. P., & Smaers, J. B. (2013). A phylogenetically-integrated morphological analysis of the hominoid wrist. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,Suppl. 56, Special Issue, 168.
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Kivell, T. L., & Guimont, I. (2010). A comparative analysis of sexual shape dimorphism in the human midcarpal joint. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,141(S50), 144-144.
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Kivell, T. L., & Begun, D. R. (2006). Functional morphology of new Dryopithecus carpals from Rudabánya, Hungary. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,129(S42), 114-114.
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Kivell, T. L. (2008). Ontogeny of the hominoid carpus: Did we evolve from a knuckle-walking ancestor? American Journal of Physical Anthropology,135(S46), 131-132.
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Kivell, T. L. (2005). Phylogenetic and functional analysis of primate carpal ossification sequences: A test of two methods. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,126(S40), 130-131.
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Guimont, I., & Kivell, T. L. (2007). Inter- and intraspecific differences in primate carpal morphology. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,132(S44), 121-121.
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Grote, S., Call, J., & Kivell, T. L. (2011).Who is more bipedal? Positional behaviour in captive bonobos and chimpanzees.
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Georgiou, L., Kivell, T. L., Pahr, D. H., & Skinner, M. M. (2018). Trabecular bone structure of the distal femur in great apes. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,165(S66), 97-97.
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Dunmore, C. J., Kivell, T. L., Pahr, D., & Skinner, M. M. (2017). Trabecular morphology across the hominoid metacarpus reflects distinct locomotor strategies. In Proceedings of the European Society for the study of Human Evolution (PESHE) (6, pp. 58).
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Dunmore, C. J., Kivell, T. L., Pahr, D. H., & Skinner, M. M. (2018). Trabecular architecture across the metacarpus reflects different locomotor strategies in hominoids. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,165(S66), 73.
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Dunmore, C. J., Key, A. J., Williams-Hatala, E. M., & Kivell, T. L. (2017). Is there a relationship between flake form and manual pressure during stone tool production? An experimental test. In Proceedings of the European Society for the study of Human Evolution (PESHE) (5, pp. 84).
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Dunmore, C. C., Kivell, T. L., Stephens, N. B., Bardo, A., Hublin, J.-J., & Skinner, M. M. (2019). First metacarpal trabecular morphology: Implications for thumb use in great apes and Australopithecus. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,168(S68), 64-64.
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Deckers, K., Tsegai, Z. J., Zeininger, A., Skinner, M. M., & Kivell, T. L. (2019). Ontogenetic changes in third metacarpal trabecular bone in western lowland (Gorilla gorilla) and mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei). In Proceedings of the European Society for the study of Human Evolution (PESHE) (8, pp. 47).
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Deckers, K. P., Dunmore, C. J., Skinner, M. M., & Kivell, T. L. (2019). Trabecular ontogeny of African ape third metacarpals. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,168(S68), 55-55.
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Bowland, L. A., Scott, J. E., Kivell, T. L., Patel, B. A., Tocheri, M. W., & Orr, C. M. (2018). Pollical metacarpal shaft morphology in Homo naledi: a 3D geometric morphometric analysis. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,165(S66), 34-34.
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Berger, L., Kibii, J., Churchill, S. E., Schmid, P., Carlson, K., deKlerk, B., deRuiter, D., Holliday, T., Kivell, T. L., Gurche, J., Zipfel, B., DaSilva, J., & Kidd, R. (2011). New remains of Australopithecus sediba from the Malapa site, South Africa. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,144(S52), 88-88.
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Begun, D. R., Ward, C. V., Deane, A. C., Kivell, T. L., Nargolwalla, M. C., & Taylor, N. (2006). Stem hominine or hominid? The phylogeny and functional anatomy of Pierolapithecus catalaunicus. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,129(S42), 63-63.
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Begun, D. R., Kivell, T. L., & Kordos, L. (2003). New Miocene primate postcranial fossils from Rudabánya, Hungary. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,120(S36), 63-64.
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Auerbach, B. M., Case, D. T., Kivell, T. L., & Garofalo, E. M. (2010).Appendicular Asymmetry Altogether: Gradients of Directional Asymmetry through the Human Upper Limb [Abstract].
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Arias-Martorell, J., Davenport, R., Kivell, T. L., & Skinner, M. M. (2017). Trabecular architecture of the hominoid humerus. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,162(S64), 103-103.
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Talks

Kivell, T. L., Kramer, E. M., & Wunderlich, R. E. (2009).Aye-aye hand posture and loading of their specialized digits during quadrupedal locomotion. Talk presented at The 31st Annual Meeting of the Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology (SICB). Boston, Massachusetts. 2009-01-03 - 2009-01-07.
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Kivell, T. L., Kramer, E. M., & Wunderlich, R. E. (2008).Aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis) hand posture and loading of their specialized digits during quadrupedal locomotion. Talk presented at Southeast regional SICB meeting for the Divisions of Vertebrate Morphology and Comparative Biomechanics. Clemson University, South Carolina. 2008-10 - 2008-10.
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Kivell, T. L., Doyle, S. K., Madden, R. H., Mitchell, T. L., & Sims, E. L. (2009).An interactive method for teaching anatomy of the human eye for ophthalmology rotations using suid eyes. Talk presented at Annual Meeting at Experimental Biology of the American Association of Anatomists. New Orleans. 2009-04 - 2009-04.
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Kivell, T. L., & Guimont, I. (2009).Evolutionary implications of sexual dimorphism in the human midcarpal joint. Talk presented at Annual Meeting at Experimental Biology of the American Association of Anatomists. New Orleans. 2009-04 - 2009-04.
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Kivell, T. L. (2002).Reevaluation of Oreopithecus positional repertoire. Talk presented at The 30th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association of Physical Anthropology. Ottawa, ON. 2002-10-24 - 2002-10-26.
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Thesis

Kivell, T. L. (2007). Ontogeny of the hominoid midcarpal joint and implications for the origin of hominin bipedalism. PhD Thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto.
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Kivell, T. L. (2002). No longer enigmatic: Reevalutation of Oreopithecus bambolii positional repertoire. Master Thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto.
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