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A Neandertal from Chagyrskaya Cave

Neandertals may have lived in very small groups, and genes expressed in the basal ganglia of their brains may have changed

Until now, only the genomes of two Neandertals have been sequenced to high quality: one from Vindjia Cave in modern-day Croatia and one from Denisova Cave in Siberia’s Altai Mountains. A research team led by Svante Pääbo from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, has now sequenced the genome of a third Neandertal whose remains were found - 106 kilometres away from the latter site - in Chagyrskaya Cave.

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© Dr. Bence Viola, Dept. of Anthropology, U. of Toronto