% pubman genre = article
@article{item_2368024,
title = {{Glucocorticoids enhance and suppress heart rate and behaviour in time dependent manner in greylag geese (Anser anser)}},
author = {Kralj-Fi{\v{s}}er, Simona and Scheiber, Isabella B. R. and Kotrschal, Kurt and Wei{\ss}, Brigitte M. and Wascher, Claudia A. F.},
language = {eng},
issn = {0031-9384},
doi = {10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.04.005},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-06-16},
abstract = {{Stress responses involve autonomic, endocrine and behavioural changes. Each of these responses has been studied thoroughly in avian species, but hardly in an integrative way, in free-living birds. This is necessary to reveal the temporal dynamics of the stress response. Towards that goal, we recorded heart rate (HR) and behaviour in free-ranging male greylag geese (Anser anser) simultaneously over 2 h. The geese were subjected to (a) unmanipulated control condition, (b) capture, handling and injection of ACTH, and (c) capture, handling and injection of a saline solution (SHAM). Fecal samples for the non-invasive determination of immuno-reactive glucocorticoid metabolite (BM) concentrations were collected for 7 h thereafter. The SHAM control caused a significant BM increase, a transient increase in HR, an initial increase of preening behaviour and a delay in feeding. ACTH treatment, relative to SHAM, produced significantly higher BM concentrations, and activation of {\textquotedblleft}displacement behaviours{\textquotedblright} such as wing flapping, body shaking and preening. Also, feeding activity as well as resting was postponed and/or lower for a longer period of time after ACTH than after SHAM. ACTH injection had a greater effect than SHAM injection on HR increase in the first hour, but particularly on HR decline in the second hour following the injection. Hence, glucocorticoids had time- and dose-dependent stimulatory and suppressive effects on cardiovascular activity and behaviour. HR dynamics after ACTH actually matched with behavioural dynamics: both were first enhanced and later suppressed, which is in alignment with adaptive stress management involving the fight{\textendash}flight response and recovery from stress, respectively.}},
journal = {{Physiology {\&} Behavior}},
volume = {100},
number = {4},
pages = {394--400},
}