% pubman genre = article @article{item_2629706, title = {{Ancient biomolecules and evolutionary inference}}, author = {Cappellini, Enrico and Prohaska, Ana and Racimo, Fernando and Welker, Frido and Pedersen, Mikkel Winther and Allentoft, Morten E. and Damgaard, Peter de Barros and Gutenbrunner, Petra and Dunne, Julie and Hammann, Simon and Roffet-Salque, Melanie and Ilardo, Melissa and Moreno-Mayar, J. Victor and Wang, Yucheng and Sikora, Martin and Vinner, Lasse and Cox, Juergen and Evershed, Richard P. and Willerslev, Eske}, language = {eng}, issn = {0066-4154}, doi = {10.1146/annurev-biochem-062917-012002}, publisher = {Stanford University Press}, address = {Palo Alto, Calif.}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-06}, abstract = {{Over the past three decades, studies of ancient biomolecules{\textemdash}particularly{\textless}br{\textgreater}ancient DNA, proteins, and lipids{\textemdash}have revolutionized our understand-{\textless}br{\textgreater}ing of evolutionary history. Though initially fraught with many challenges,{\textless}br{\textgreater}today the field stands on firm foundations. Researchers now successfully{\textless}br{\textgreater}retrieve nucleotide and amino acid sequences, as well as lipid signatures,{\textless}br{\textgreater}from progressively older samples, originating from geographic areas and{\textless}br{\textgreater}depositional environments that, until recently, were regarded as hostile to{\textless}br{\textgreater}long-term preservation of biomolecules. Sampling frequencies and the spa-{\textless}br{\textgreater}tial and temporal scope of studies have also increased markedly, and with{\textless}br{\textgreater}them the size and quality of the data sets generated. This progress has been made possible by continuous technical innovations in analytical methods, enhanced criteria for{\textless}br{\textgreater}the selection of ancient samples, integrated experimental methods, and advanced computational{\textless}br{\textgreater}approaches. Here, we discuss the history and current state of ancient biomolecule research, its{\textless}br{\textgreater}applications to evolutionary inference, and future directions for this young and exciting field.}}, journal = {{Annual Review of Biochemistry}}, volume = {87}, pages = {1029--1060}, }