% pubman genre = article
@article{item_3002050,
title = {{Object permanence in giraffa camelopardalis: First steps in giraffes{\textquotesingle} physical cognition}},
author = {Caicoya, A. L. and Amici, Federica and Ensenyat, C. and Colell Mimo, M.},
language = {eng},
issn = {0735-7036},
doi = {10.1037/com0000142},
publisher = {American Psychological Association (PsycARTICLES)},
address = {Baltimore, Md.},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-05},
abstract = {{Although behavior, biology, and ecology of giraffes have been widely studied, little is known about their{\textless}br{\textgreater}cognition. Giraffes{\textquoteright} feeding ecology and their fission{\textendash}fusion social dynamics are comparable with those{\textless}br{\textgreater}of chimpanzees ({\textless}br{\textgreater}Pan troglodytes{\textless}br{\textgreater}), suggesting that they might have complex cognitive abilities. To assess{\textless}br{\textgreater}this, we tested 6 captive giraffes on their object permanence, short-term memory, and ability to use{\textless}br{\textgreater}acoustic cues to locate food. First, we tested whether giraffes understand that objects continue to exist{\textless}br{\textgreater}even when they are out of sight. Giraffes saw one of two opaque containers containing food, then{\textless}br{\textgreater}containers were closed, an{\textless}br{\textgreater}d 2 s later giraffes could choose one. Second, we measured giraffes{\textquoteright} memory{\textless}br{\textgreater}repeating the procedure but with a delay of 30 s, 60 s, or 2 min between closing the containers and{\textless}br{\textgreater}subjects{\textquoteright} choice. Finally, we investigated whether giraffes could locate food inside one of two identical{\textless}br{\textgreater}opaque containers, when the only cue provided was the sound made by food when shaking the baited{\textless}br{\textgreater}container, or the lack of sound when shaking the empty container. Our results show that giraffes form{\textless}br{\textgreater}mental representations of completely hidden objects, but may not store them for longer than 30 s.{\textless}br{\textgreater}Moreover, they rely on stimulus enhancement rather than acoustic cues to locate food, when no visual{\textless}br{\textgreater}cues are provided. Finally, we argue that giraffes and other ungulates might be a suitable model to{\textless}br{\textgreater}investigate the evolution of complex cognitive abilities from a comparative perspective.}},
journal = {{Journal of Comparative Psychology}},
volume = {133},
number = {2},
pages = {207--214},
}