% pubman genre = article @article{item_3183590, title = {{The impact of genetic adaptation on chimpanzee subspecies differentiation}}, author = {Schmidt, Joshua and de Manuel, Marc and Marques-Bonet, Tomas and Castellano, Sergi and Andr{\'e}s, Aida M.}, language = {eng}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pgen.1008485}, year = {2019}, abstract = {{Author summary Viruses are a major factor driving recent and ongoing natural selection in mammalian genomes. Studying the effects such selection has had on chimpanzee genomes can provide valuable insights into how pathogens are affecting an endangered primate species. As there are many notable examples of cross-species transmission between other primates and humans{\textemdash}including the HIV/AIDS pandemic{\textemdash}these studies can also illuminate mechanisms of adaption to pathogens of medical and economic importance. By investigating patterns of genetic differentiation amongst the four chimpanzee subspecies, we show that genetic differences among some subspecies are due to recent genetic adaptation. The genetic variants selected uniquely in eastern chimpanzees fall disproportionally within genes that differentiate the immune response to infection by simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in natural vs. non-natural host species. Thus, we infer that SIV has likely elicited adaptive responses in chimpanzees, building upon a growing body of work suggesting that SIV elicits ongoing selection in African primates.}}, journal = {{PLOS Genetics}}, volume = {15}, number = {11}, pages = {1--32}, }