% pubman genre = article @article{item_3257018, title = {{The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe}}, author = {Olalde, I{\~n}igo and Brace, Selina and Allentoft, Morten E. and Armit, Ian and Kristiansen, Kristian and Booth, Thomas and Rohland, Nadin and Mallick, Swapan and Sz{\'e}cs{\'e}nyi-Nagy, Anna and Mittnik, Alissa and Altena, Eveline and Lipson, Mark and Lazaridis, Iosif and Harper, Thomas K. and Patterson, Nick and Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen and Diekmann, Yoan and Faltyskova, Zuzana and Fernandes, Daniel and Ferry, Matthew and Harney, Eadaoin and de Knijff, Peter and Michel, Megan and Oppenheimer, Jonas and Stewardson, Kristin and Barclay, Alistair and Alt, Kurt Werner and Liesau, Corina and R{\'\i}os, Patricia and Blasco, Concepci{\'o}n and Miguel, Jorge Vega and Garc{\'\i}a, Roberto Mendui{\~n}a and Fern{\'a}ndez, Azucena Avil{\'e}s and B{\'a}nffy, Eszter and Bernab{\`o}-Brea, Maria and Billoin, David and Bonsall, Clive and Bonsall, Laura and Allen, Tim and B{\"u}ster, Lindsey and Carver, Sophie and Navarro, Laura Castells and Craig, Oliver E. and Cook, Gordon T. and Cunliffe, Barry and Denaire, Anthony and Dinwiddy, Kirsten Egging and Dodwell, Natasha and Ern{\'e}e, Michal and Evans, Christopher and Kucha{\v{r}}{\'\i}k, Milan and Farr{\'e}, Joan Franc{\`e}s and Fowler, Chris and Gazenbeek, Michiel and Pena, Rafael Garrido and Haber-Uriarte, Mar{\'\i}a and Haduch, El{\.Z}bieta and Hey, Gill and Jowett, Nick and Knowles, Timothy and Massy, Ken and Pfrengle, Saskia and Lefranc, Philippe and Lemercier, Olivier and Lefebvre, Arnaud and Mart{\'\i}nez, C{\'e}sar Heras and Olmo, Virginia Galera and Ram{\'\i}rez, Ana Bastida and Maurandi, Joaqu{\'\i}n Lomba and Maj{\'o}, Tona and McKinley, Jacqueline I. and McSweeney, Kathleen and Mende, Bal{\'a}zs Guszt{\'a}v and Mod, Alessandra and Kulcs{\'a}r, Gabriella and Kiss, Vikt{\'o}ria and Czene, Andr{\'a}s and Patay, R{\'o}bert and Endr{\H{o}}di, Anna and K{\"o}hler, Kitti and Hajdu, Tam{\'a}s and Szeniczey, Tam{\'a}s and Dani, J{\'a}nos and Bernert, Zsolt and Hoole, Maya and Cheronet, Olivia and Keating, Denise and Velem{\'\i}nsk{\'y}, Petr and Dobe{\v{s}}, Miroslav and Candilio, Francesca and Brown, Fraser and Fern{\'a}ndez, Ra{\'u}l Flores and Herrero-Corral, Ana-Mercedes and Tusa, Sebastiano and Carnieri, Emiliano and Lentini, Luigi and Valenti, Antonella and Zanini, Alessandro and Waddington, Clive and Delibes, Germ{\'a}n and Guerra-Doce, Elisa and Neil, Benjamin and Brittain, Marcus and Luke, Mike and Mortimer, Richard and Desideri, Jocelyne and Besse, Marie and Br{\"u}cken, G{\"u}nter and Furmanek, Miros{\l}aw and Ha{\l}uszko, Agata and Mackiewicz, Maksym and Rapi{\'n}ski, Artur and Leach, Stephany and Soriano, Ignacio and Lillios, Katina T. and Cardoso, Jo{\~a}o Lu{\'\i}s and Pearson, Michael Parker and W{\l}odarczak, Piotr and Price, T. Douglas and Prieto, Pilar and Rey, Pierre-J{\'e}r{\^o}me and Risch, Roberto and Guerra, Rojo and A., Manuel and Schmitt, Aurore and Serralongue, Jo{\"e}l and Silva, Ana Maria and Smr{\v{c}}ka, V{\'a}clav and Vergnaud, Luc and Zilh{\~a}o, Jo{\~a}o and Caramelli, David and Higham, Thomas and Thomas, Mark G. and Kennett, Douglas J. and Fokkens, Harry and Heyd, Volker and Sheridan, Alison and Sj{\"o}gren, Karl-G{\"o}ran and Stockhammer, Philipp W. and Krause, Johannes and Pinhasi, Ron and Haak, Wolfgang and Barnes, Ian and Lalueza-Fox, Carles and Reich, David}, language = {eng}, issn = {0028-0836}, doi = {10.1038/nature25738}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group}, address = {London}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-03-21}, abstract = {{From around 2750 to 2500 bc, Bell Beaker pottery became widespread across western and central Europe, before it disappeared between 2200 and 1800 bc. The forces that propelled its expansion are a matter of long-standing debate, and there is support for both cultural diffusion and migration having a role in this process. Here we present genome-wide data from 400 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 226 individuals associated with Beaker-complex artefacts. We detected limited genetic affinity between Beaker-complex-associated individuals from Iberia and central Europe, and thus exclude migration as an important mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, migration had a key role in the further dissemination of the Beaker complex. We document this phenomenon most clearly in Britain, where the spread of the Beaker complex introduced high levels of steppe-related ancestry and was associated with the replacement of approximately 90{\textpercent} of Britain{\textquoteright}s gene pool within a few hundred years, continuing the east-to-west expansion that had brought steppe-related ancestry into central and northern Europe over the previous centuries.}}, journal = {{Nature}}, volume = {555}, pages = {190--196}, }