% pubman genre = article @article{item_3257156, title = {{Human mitochondrial DNA lineages in Iron-Age Fennoscandia suggest incipient admixture and eastern introduction of farming-related maternal ancestry}}, author = {{\"O}versti, Sanni and Majander, Kerttu and Salmela, Elina and Salo, Kati and Arppe, Laura and Belskiy, Stanislav and Etu-Sihvola, Heli and Laakso, Ville and Mikkola, Esa and Pfrengle, Saskia and Putkonen, Mikko and Taavitsainen, Jussi-Pekka and Vuoristo, Katja and Wessman, Anna and Sajantila, Antti and Oinonen, Markku and Haak, Wolfgang and Schuenemann, Verena J. and Krause, Johannes and Palo, Jukka U. and Onkamo, P{\"a}ivi}, language = {eng}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-51045-8}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group}, address = {London, UK}, year = {2019}, abstract = {{Human ancient DNA studies have revealed high mobility in Europe{\textquoteright}s past, and have helped to decode the human history on the Eurasian continent. Northeastern Europe, especially north of the Baltic Sea, however, remains less well understood largely due to the lack of preserved human remains. Finland, with a divergent population history from most of Europe, offers a unique perspective to hunter-gatherer way of life, but thus far genetic information on prehistoric human groups in Finland is nearly absent. Here we report 103 complete ancient mitochondrial genomes from human remains dated to AD 300{\textendash}1800, and explore mtDNA diversity associated with hunter-gatherers and Neolithic farmers. The results indicate largely unadmixed mtDNA pools of differing ancestries from Iron-Age on, suggesting a rather late genetic shift from hunter-gatherers towards farmers in North-East Europe. Furthermore, the data suggest eastern introduction of farmer-related haplogroups into Finland, contradicting contemporary genetic patterns in Finns.}}, contents = {Results - Authenticity of ancient-DNA results. - Radiocarbon datings. - MtDNA data and haplotypic variation. - MtDNA haplogroup composition at the ancient sites. - Differences in haplogroup composition between the sites. - Genetic distances among sites and to contemporary Finns. - Main haplogroup frequencies in space and time. - Genetic affinities of ancient Finns to other ancient and contemporary populations. Discussion - Genetic layers of mitochondrial variation among the Iron Age and Medieval Finns. - The ancient distribution of mtDNA lineages contradicts the contemporary east-west divergence. - Bidirectional expansion of agriculturally oriented populations into Finland?. Materials and methods - Sample selection. - Reference populations used in comparative analyses. - Sampling. - Extraction of ancient DNA. - Mitochondrial capture and sequencing. - Processing of the sequence data. - Authentication of ancient DNA and haplogroup assignments. - Radiocarbon dating. - Statistical analyses.}, journal = {{Scientific Reports}}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, eid = {16883}, }