% pubman genre = article @article{item_3325902, title = {{The genes of freedom: Genome-wide insights into marronage, admixture and ethnogenesis in the Gulf of Guinea}}, author = {Almeida, Jo{\~a}o and Fehn, Anne-Maria and Ferreira, Margarida and Machado, Teresa and Hagemeijer, Tjerk and Rocha, Jorge and Gay{\`a}-Vidal, Magdalena}, language = {eng}, issn = {2073-4425}, doi = {10.3390/genes12060833}, publisher = {MDPI AG}, address = {Basel, Switzerland}, year = {2021}, abstract = {{The forced migration of millions of Africans during the Atlantic Slave Trade led to the emergence of new genetic and linguistic identities, thereby providing a unique opportunity to study the mechanisms giving rise to human biological and cultural variation. Here we focus on the archipelago of S{\~a}o Tom{\'e} and Pr{\'\i}ncipe in the Gulf of Guinea, which hosted one of the earliest plantation societies relying exclusively on slave labor. We analyze the genetic variation in 25 individuals from three communities who speak distinct creole languages (Forros, Principenses and Angolares), using genomic data from expanded exomes in combination with a contextual dataset from Europe and Africa, including newly generated data from 28 Bantu speakers from Angola. Our findings show that while all islanders display mixed contributions from the Gulf of Guinea and Angola, the Angolares are characterized by extreme genetic differentiation and inbreeding, consistent with an admixed maroon isolate. In line with a more prominent Bantu contribution to their creole language, we additionally found that a previously reported high-frequency Y-chromosome haplotype in the Angolares has a likely Angolan origin, suggesting that their genetic, linguistic and social characteristics were influenced by a small group of dominant men who achieved disproportionate reproductive success.}}, contents = {1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Population Samples 2.2. Expanded Exome Sequencing, Variant Calling and Quality Control 2.3. Population Structure Analyses 2.4. Genetic Diversity 2.5. Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Variation 3. Results 3.1. Genetic Structure 3.2. Genetic Diversity 3.3. Reanalyzing previously generated uniparental Data 4. Discussion}, journal = {{Genes}}, volume = {12}, number = {6}, eid = {12060833}, }