% pubman genre = article @article{item_3332012, title = {{Scientists{\textquotesingle} warning to humanity on threats to indigenous and local knowledge systems}}, author = {Fern{\'a}ndez-Llamazares, {\'A}lvaro and Lepofsky, Dana and Lertzman, Ken and Armstrong, Chelsey Geralda and Brondizio, Eduardo S. and Gavin, Michael C. and Lyver, Phil O{\textquotesingle}B. and Nicholas, George P. and Pascua, Pua{\textquotesingle}ala and Reo, Nicholas J. and Reyes-Garc{\'\i}a, Victoria and Turner, Nancy J. and Yletyinen, Johanna and Anderson, E. N. and Bal{\'e}e, William and Cari{\~n}o, Joji and David-Chavez, Dominique M. and Dunn, Christopher P. and Garnett, Stephen C. and Greening (La{\textquotesingle}goot), Spencer and Jackson (Niniwum Selapem), Shain and Kuhnlein, Harriet and Moln{\'a}r, Zsolt and Odonne, Guillaume and Retter, Gunn-Britt and Ripple, William J. and S{\'a}fi{\'a}n, L{\'a}szl{\'o} and Bahraman, Abolfazl Sharifian and Torrents-Tic{\'o}, Miquel and Vaughan, Mehana Blaich}, language = {eng}, issn = {0278-0771; 2162-4496}, doi = {10.2993/0278-0771-41.2.144}, publisher = {Society of Ethnobiology}, address = {Tacoma}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07}, abstract = {{The knowledge systems and practices of Indigenous Peoples and local communities play critical roles in safeguarding the biological and cultural diversity of our planet. Globalization, government policies, capitalism, colonialism, and other rapid social-ecological changes threaten the relationships between Indigenous Peoples and local communities and their environments, thereby challenging the continuity and dynamism of Indigenous and Local Knowledge (ILK). In this article, we contribute to the {\textquotedblleft}World Scientists{\textquotesingle} Warning to Humanity,{\textquotedblright} issued by the Alliance of World Scientists, by exploring opportunities for sustaining ILK systems on behalf of the future stewardship of our planet. Our warning raises the alarm about the pervasive and ubiquitous erosion of knowledge and practice and the social and ecological consequences of this erosion. While ILK systems can be adaptable and resilient, the foundations of these knowledge systems are compromised by ongoing suppression, misrepresentation, appropriation, assimilation, disconnection, and destruction of biocultural heritage. Three case studies illustrate these processes and how protecting ILK is central to biocultural conservation. We conclude with 15 recommendations that call for the recognition and support of Indigenous Peoples and local communities and their knowledge systems. Enacting these recommendations will entail a transformative and sustained shift in how ILK systems, their knowledge holders, and their multiple expressions in lands and waters are recognized, affirmed, and valued. We appeal for urgent action to support the efforts of Indigenous Peoples and local communities around the world to maintain their knowledge systems, languages, stewardship rights, ties to lands and waters, and the biocultural integrity of their territories{\textemdash}on which we all depend.}}, contents = {Introduction - Continuity, Change, and Resilience in Indigenous and Local Knowledge Systems - The Multidimensionality of Threats to ILK Systems - Interwoven Challenges and Consequences: Three Case Studies - Case Study 1. Indigenous Conservation of a Threatened cultural Keystone Species: Pacific Herring - Case Study 2. Ethnobotanical Knowledge is Essential for Tsimane{\textquoteright} Health and Nutrition - Case Study 3. Ma{\textasciimacron} ori ILK and Customary Practices Support the Conservation and Sustainable Use of a Burrowing Seabird - Addressing Challenges Faced by Indigenous and Local Knowledge Systems - Moving Forward}, journal = {{Journal of Ethnobiology}}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, pages = {144--169}, }