% pubman genre = article
@article{item_3348278,
title = {{Range-wide indicators of African great ape density distribution}},
author = {Ordaz-N{\'e}meth, Isabel and Sop, Tenekwetche and Amarasekaran, Bala and Bachmann, Mona and Boesch, Christophe and Brncic, Terry and Caillaud, Damien and Campbell, Genevi{\'e}ve and Carvalho, Joana and Chancellor, Rebecca and Davenport, Tim R. B. and Dowd, Dervla and Eno-Nku, Manasseh and Ganas-Swaray, Jessica and Granier, Nicholas and Greengrass, Elizabeth and Heinicke, Stefanie and Herbinger, Ilka and Inkamba-Nkulu, Clement and Iyenguet, Fortun{\'e} and Junker, Jessica and Bobo, Kadiri S. and Lushimba, Alain and Maisels, Fiona and Malanda, Guy Aim{\'e} Florent and McCarthy, Maureen S. and Motsaba, Prosper and Moustgaard, Jennifer and Murai, Mizuki and Ndokoue, Bezangoye and Nixon, Stuart and Nseme, Rostand Aba{\textquotesingle}a and Nzooh, Zacharie and Pintea, Lilian and Plumptre, Andrew J. and Roy, Justin and Rundus, Aaron and Sanderson, Jim and Serckx, Adeline and Strindberg, Samantha and Tweh, Clement and Vanleeuwe, Hilde and Vosper, Ashley and Waltert, Matthias and Williamson, Elizabeth A. and Wilson, Michael and Mundry, Roger and K{\"u}hl, Hjalmar S.},
language = {eng},
issn = {0275-2565},
doi = {10.1002/ajp.23338},
publisher = {A.R. Liss},
address = {New York, NY},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-12},
abstract = {{Abstract Species distributions are influenced by processes occurring at multiple spatial scales. It is therefore insufficient to model species distribution at a single geographic scale, as this does not provide the necessary understanding of determining factors. Instead, multiple approaches are needed, each differing in spatial extent, grain, and research objective. Here, we present the first attempt to model continent-wide great ape density distribution. We used site-level estimates of African great ape abundance to (1) identify socioeconomic and environmental factors that drive densities at the continental scale, and (2) predict range-wide great ape density. We collated great ape abundance estimates from 156 sites and defined 134 pseudo-absence sites to represent additional absence locations. The latter were based on locations of unsuitable environmental conditions for great apes, and on existing literature. We compiled seven socioeconomic and environmental covariate layers and fitted a generalized linear model to investigate their influence on great ape abundance. We used an Akaike-weighted average of full and subset models to predict the range-wide density distribution of African great apes for the year 2015. Great ape densities were lowest where there were high Human Footprint and Gross Domestic Product values; the highest predicted densities were in Central Africa, and the lowest in West Africa. Only 10.7{\textpercent} of the total predicted population was found in the International Union for Conservation of Nature Category I and II protected areas. For 16 out of 20 countries, our estimated abundances were largely in line with those from previous studies. For four countries, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Liberia, and South Sudan, the estimated populations were excessively high. We propose further improvements to the model to overcome survey and predictor data limitations, which would enable a temporally dynamic approach for monitoring great apes across their range based on key indicators.}},
journal = {{American Journal of Primatology}},
volume = {83},
number = {12},
eid = {e23338},
}