% pubman genre = article
@article{item_3378553,
title = {{Emergence and intensification of dairying in the Caucasus and Eurasian steppes}},
author = {Scott, Ashley and Reinhold, Sabine and Hermes, Taylor and Kalmykov, Alexey A. and Belinskiy, Andrey and Buzhilova, Alexandra and Berezina, Natalia and Kantorovich, Anatoliy R. and Maslov, Vladimir E. and Guliyev, Farhad and Lyonnet, Bertille and Gasimov, Parviz and Jalilov, Bakhtiyar and Eminli, Jeyhun and Iskandarov, Emil and Hammer, Emily and Nugent, Selin E. and Hagan, Richard and Majander, Kerttu and Onkamo, P{\"a}ivi and Nordqvist, Kerkko and Shishlina, Natalia and Kaverzneva, Elena and Korolev, Arkadiy I. and Khokhlov, Aleksandr A. and Smolyaninov, Roman V. and Sharapova, Svetlana V. and Krause, R{\"u}diger and Karapetian, Marina and Stolarczyk, Eliza and Krause, Johannes and Hansen, Svend and Haak, Wolfgang and Warinner, Christina G.},
language = {eng},
issn = {2397-334X},
doi = {10.1038/s41559-022-01701-6},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
address = {London},
year = {2022},
abstract = {{Archaeological and archaeogenetic evidence points to the Pontic{\textendash}Caspian steppe zone between the Caucasus and the Black Sea {\textless}br{\textgreater}as the crucible from which the earliest steppe pastoralist societies arose and spread, ultimately influencing populations from {\textless}br{\textgreater}Europe to Inner Asia. However, little is known about their economic foundations and the factors that may have contributed to {\textless}br{\textgreater}their extensive mobility. Here, we investigate dietary proteins within the dental calculus proteomes of 45 individuals spanning {\textless}br{\textgreater}the Neolithic to Greco-Roman periods in the Pontic{\textendash}Caspian Steppe and neighbouring South Caucasus, Oka{\textendash}Volga{\textendash}Don and {\textless}br{\textgreater}East Urals regions. We find that sheep dairying accompanies the earliest forms of Eneolithic pastoralism in the North Caucasus. {\textless}br{\textgreater}During the fourth millennium bc, Maykop and early Yamnaya populations also focused dairying exclusively on sheep while {\textless}br{\textgreater}reserving cattle for traction and other purposes. We observe a breakdown in livestock specialization and an economic diversi-{\textless}br{\textgreater}fication of dairy herds coinciding with aridification during the subsequent late Yamnaya and North Caucasus Culture phases, {\textless}br{\textgreater}followed by severe climate deterioration during the Catacomb and Lola periods. The need for additional pastures to support {\textless}br{\textgreater}these herds may have driven the heightened mobility of the Middle and Late Bronze Age periods. Following a hiatus of more {\textless}br{\textgreater}than 500 years, the North Caucasian steppe was repopulated by Early Iron Age societies with a broad mobile dairy economy, {\textless}br{\textgreater}including a new focus on horse milking.}},
journal = {{Nature Ecology {\&} Evolution}},
volume = {6},
pages = {813--822},
}