% pubman genre = article
@article{item_3387559,
title = {{Towards an understanding multimodal traits of female reproduction in chimpanzees}},
author = {K{\"u}cklich, Marlen and J{\"a}nig, Susann and Kulik, Lars and Birkemeyer,, Claudia and Weiss, Brigitte M. and Widdig, Anja},
language = {eng},
issn = {0032-8332},
doi = {10.1007/s10329-022-00995-1},
publisher = {Japan Monkey Centre},
address = {Inuyama, Aichi, Japan},
year = {2022},
date = {2022},
abstract = {{Although primates have long been regarded as microsmatic, recent studies indicate{\textless}br{\textgreater}that olfaction is an important sensory mode of primate communication, for example, in{\textless}br{\textgreater}the context of reproduction. However, large gaps remain in understanding primate{\textless}br{\textgreater}olfactory traits, especially in great apes. Female chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes){\textless}br{\textgreater}possess an exaggerated sexual swelling which is an imprecise signal of fertility to{\textless}br{\textgreater}confuse paternity. Even so, some high-ranking males copulating most frequently at{\textless}br{\textgreater}fertile days of females seem to have more precise information on the timing of{\textless}br{\textgreater}ovulation, suggesting the existence of an olfactory fertility trait. In order to provide{\textless}br{\textgreater}evidence of fertility-related information in female chimpanzees, we used gas{\textless}br{\textgreater}chromatography {\textendash} mass spectrometry to analyze the chemical composition of female{\textless}br{\textgreater}body odor collected across the menstrual cycle from various swelling stages (97{\textless}br{\textgreater}samples of six females). We found that the chemical composition was significantly{\textless}br{\textgreater}affected by swelling stages and detected nine substances that were strongly related to{\textless}br{\textgreater}swelling stages. The existence of an additional olfactory fertility trait could either help{\textless}br{\textgreater}males to fine-tune their sexual behavior or allow females to strengthen concealment of{\textless}br{\textgreater}the exact timing of ovulation, which needs to be further investigated in follow-up{\textless}br{\textgreater}studies. The results of our study add much-needed evidence about the existence of an{\textless}br{\textgreater}olfactory cue related to reproduction in chimpanzees and form a basis for future{\textless}br{\textgreater}studies on the interplay between visual and olfactory information of female fertility.}},
journal = {{Primates}},
volume = {63},
pages = {365--376},
}