% pubman genre = article
@article{item_3488048,
title = {{Early trauma leaves no social signature in sanctuary-housed chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)}},
author = {Van Leeuwen, Edwin J. C. and Bruinstroop, Bernadette M. C. and Haun, Daniel B. M.},
language = {eng},
issn = {2076-2615},
doi = {10.3390/ani13010049},
year = {2023},
date = {2023},
abstract = {{Negative early experiences can have detrimental effects on social functioning in later life, both in humans as well as in other socially-living animals. In zoo-housed chimpanzees, recent evidence suggests that there may be a lingering signature of early trauma on individuals{\textquoteright} social interaction tendencies as measured by social proximity and grooming. Here, we address whether a similar effect would be observable in chimpanzees living under semi-wild conditions in an African sanctuary. By analysing party size, close proximity and social grooming, we show that in this specific sanctuary, chimpanzees that suffered early trauma (n {\textequals} 42) were socially indistinguishable from chimpanzees who were born and raised by their mothers in the sanctuary (n {\textequals} 36). Our findings indicate that chimpanzees may not be irreversibly affected by early social trauma, possibly owing to rehabilitation in stable social groups in a semi-natural environment. Beyond identifying sanctuaries as valuable rehabilitation centres for orphaned chimpanzees, this study demonstrates a remarkable social flexibility in one of our closest living relatives.}},
journal = {{Animals}},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {49},
}