% pubman genre = article @article{item_3490858, title = {{The diverse genetic origins of a Classical period Greek army}}, author = {Reitsema, Laurie J. and Mittnik, Alissa and Kyle, Britney and Catalano, Giulio and Fabbri, Pier Francesco and Kazmi, Adam C. S. and Reinberger, Katherine L. and Sineo, Luca and Vassallo, Stefano and Bernardos, Rebecca and Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen and Callan, Kim and Candilio, Francesca and Cheronet, Olivia and Curtis, Elizabeth and Fernandes, Daniel and Lari, Martina and Lawson, Ann Marie and Mah, Matthew and Mallick, Swapan and Mandl, Kirsten and Micco, Adam and Modi, Alessandra and Oppenheimer, Jonas and {\"O}zdogan, Kadir Toykan and Rohland, Nadin and Stewardson, Kristin and Vai, Stefania and Vergata, Chiara and Workman, J. Noah and Zalzala, Fatma and Zaro, Valentina and Achilli, Alessandro and Anagnostopoulos, Achilles and Capelli, Cristian and Constantinou, Varnavas and Lancioni, Hovirag and Olivieri, Anna and Papadopoulou, Anastasia and Psatha, Nikoleta and Semino, Ornella and Stamatoyannopoulos, John and Valliannou, Ioanna and Yannaki, Evangelia and Lazaridis, Iosif and Patterson, Nick and Ringbauer, Harald and Caramelli, David and Pinhasi, Ron and Reich, David}, language = {eng}, issn = {1091-6490; 0027-8424}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.2205272119}, publisher = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, year = {2022}, date = {2022}, abstract = {{Trade and colonization caused an unprecedented increase in Mediterranean human mobility in the first millennium BCE. Often seen as a dividing force, warfare is in fact another catalyst of culture contact. We provide insight into the demographic dynamics of ancient warfare by reporting genome-wide data from fifth-century soldiers who fought for the army of the Greek Sicilian colony of Himera, along with representatives of the civilian population, nearby indigenous settlements, and 96 present-day individuals from Italy and Greece. Unlike the rest of the sample, many soldiers had ancestral origins in northern Europe, the Steppe, and the Caucasus. Integrating genetic, archaeological, isotopic, and historical data, these results illustrate the significant role mercenaries played in ancient Greek armies and highlight how participation in war contributed to continental-scale human mobility in the Classical world.}}, journal = {{Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)}}, volume = {119}, number = {41}, eid = {e2205272119}, }