% pubman genre = article
@article{item_3522295,
title = {{Language trees with sampled ancestors support a hybrid model for the origin of Indo-European languages}},
author = {Heggarty, Paul and Anderson, Cormac and Scarborough, Matthew and King, Benedict and Bouckaert, Remco and Jocz, Lechos{\l}aw and K{\"u}mmel, Martin Joachim and J{\"u}gel, Thomas and Irslinger, Britta and Pooth, Roland and Liljegren, Henrik and Strand, Richard F. and Haig, Geoffrey and Mac{\'a}k, Martin and Kim, Ronald I. and Anonby, Erik and Pronk, Tijmen and Belyaev, Oleg and Dewey-Findell, Tonya Kim and Boutilier, Matthew and Freiberg, Cassandra and Tegethoff, Robert and Serangeli, Matilde and Liosis, Nikos and Stro{\'n}ski, Krzysztof and Schulte, Kim and Gupta, Ganesh Kumar and Haak, Wolfgang and Krause, Johannes and Atkinson, Quentin D. and Greenhill, Simon J. and K{\"u}hnert, Denise and Gray, Russell D.},
language = {eng},
issn = {0036-8075; 1095-9203},
doi = {10.1126/science.abg0818},
year = {2023},
abstract = {{The origins of the Indo-European language family are hotly disputed. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of core vocabulary have produced conflicting results, with some supporting a farming expansion out of Anatolia {\textasciitilde}9000 years before present (yr B.P.), while others support a spread with horse-based pastoralism out of the Pontic-Caspian Steppe {\textasciitilde}6000 yr B.P. Here we present an extensive database of Indo-European core vocabulary that eliminates past inconsistencies in cognate coding. Ancestry-enabled phylogenetic analysis of this dataset indicates that few ancient languages are direct ancestors of modern clades and produces a root age of {\textasciitilde}8120 yr B.P. for the family. Although this date is not consistent with the Steppe hypothesis, it does not rule out an initial homeland south of the Caucasus, with a subsequent branch northward onto the steppe and then across Europe. We reconcile this hybrid hypothesis with recently published ancient DNA evidence from the steppe and the northern Fertile Crescent. {\textless}br{\textgreater}}},
journal = {{Science}},
volume = {381},
number = {6656},
eid = {eabg0818},
}