% pubman genre = article @article{item_3553205, title = {{Differences in the social motivations and emotions of humans and other great apes}}, author = {Tomasello, Michael}, language = {eng}, isbn = {1936-4776}, doi = {10.1007/s12110-023-09464-0}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, year = {2023}, date = {2023}, abstract = {{Humans share with other mammals and primates many social motivations and emotions, but they are also much more cooperative than even their closest primate relatives. Here I review recent comparative experiments and analyses that illustrate humans{\textquoteright} species-typical social motivations and emotions for cooperation in comparison with those of other great apes. These may be classified most generally as (i) {\textquoteleft}you {\textgreater} me{\textquoteright} (e.g., prosocial sympathy, informative and pedagogical motives in communication); (ii) {\textquoteleft}you {\textequals} me{\textquoteright} (e.g., feelings of mutual respect, fairness, resentment); (iii) {\textquoteleft}we {\textgreater} me{\textquoteright} (e.g., feelings of obligation and guilt); and (iv) {\textquoteleft}WE (in the group) {\textgreater} me{\textquoteright} (e.g., in-group loyalty and conformity to norms, shame, and many in-group biases). The existence of these species-typical and species-universal motivations and emotions provides compelling evidence for the importance of cooperative activities in the human species.}}, journal = {{Human Nature}}, volume = {34}, pages = {588--604}, }