% pubman genre = article @article{item_3565074, title = {{Understanding others{\textquotesingle} preferences: A comparison across primate species and human societies}}, author = {Kaminski, Juliane and Stengelin, Roman and Girndt, Antje and Haun, Daniel and Liebal, Katja}, language = {eng}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0295221}, publisher = {Public Library of Science}, year = {2024}, date = {2024}, abstract = {{We investigated children{\textquoteright}s and non-human great apes{\textquoteright} ability to anticipate others{\textquoteright} choices from their evident food preferences{\textemdash}regardless of whether these preferences deviate or align with one{\textquoteright}s own. We assessed children from three culturally-diverse societies (Namibia, Germany, and Samoa; N {\textequals} 71; age range {\textequals} 5{\textendash}11) and four non-human great ape species (chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), bonobos (Pan paniscus), gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), and orangutans (Pongo abelii); N {\textequals} 25; age range {\textequals} 7{\textendash}29) regarding their choices in a dyadic food-retrieval task. Across conditions, participants{\textquoteright} preferences were either aligned (same preference condition) or opposed (opposite preference condition) to those of their competitors. Children across societies altered their choices based on their competitor{\textquoteright}s preferences, indicating a cross-culturally recurrent capacity to anticipate others{\textquoteright} choices relying on preferences-based inferences. In contrast to human children, all non-human great apes chose according to their own preferences but independent of those of their competitors. In sum, these results suggest that the tendency to anticipate others{\textquoteright} choices based on their food preferences is cross-culturally robust and, among the great apes, most likely specific to humans.}}, journal = {{PLoS ONE}}, volume = {19}, number = {1}, eid = {e0295221}, }