% pubman genre = article @article{item_3572713, title = {{Early Homo erectus lived at high altitudes and produced both Oldowan and Acheulean tools}}, author = {Mussi, Margherita and Skinner, Matthew M. and Melis, Rita T. and Panera, Joaqu{\'\i}n and Rubio-Jara, Susana and Davies, Thomas W. and Geraads, Denis and Bocherens, Herv{\'e} and Briatico, Giuseppe and Le Cabec, Adeline and Hublin, Jean-Jacques and Gidna, Agness and Bonnefille, Raymonde and Di Bianco, Luca and M{\'e}ndez-Quintas, Eduardo}, language = {eng}, issn = {1095-9203}, isbn = {0036-8075}, doi = {10.1126/science.add9115}, publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-11}, abstract = {{In Africa, the scarcity of hominin remains found in direct association with stone tools has hindered attempts to link Homo habilis and Homo erectus with particular lithic industries. The infant mandible discovered in level E at Garba IV (Melka Kunture) on the highlands of Ethiopia is critical to this issue because of its direct association with an Oldowan lithic industry. Here, we used synchrotron imaging to examine the internal morphology of the unerupted permanent dentition and confirmed its identification as H. erectus. Additionally, we used revised paleomagnetic ages to show that (i) the mandible in level E is {\textasciitilde}2 million years old and represents one of the earliest H. erectus fossils and that (ii) overlying level D, {\textasciitilde}1.95 million years old, contains the earliest known Acheulean assemblage. In 1981, the mandible of an infant hominin was discovered in the highlands of Ethiopia. Since then, its affinities have been debated, limiting our understanding of its importance. Using synchrotron x-ray imaging, Mussi et al. identified it as Homo erectus. This fossil is dated to 2 million years ago, and it is associated with both Oldowan and Early Archeulean tools, confirming that H. erectus used both types. This finding also reveals the use of high-elevation environments in this species, providing insight about the movement of hominins out of Africa. ?Sacha Vignieri Two million years ago, Homo erectus expanded outside of savanna environments and made use of newly available resources.}}, journal = {{Science}}, volume = {382}, number = {6671}, pages = {713--718}, }