% pubman genre = article @article{item_3594609, title = {{An agency-based model of executive and metacognitive regulation}}, author = {Tomasello, Michael}, language = {eng}, issn = {2813-7779}, doi = {10.3389/fdpys.2024.1367381}, year = {2024}, abstract = {{In the context of agentive decision making and action, both executive and{\textless}br{\textgreater}metacognitive processes serve self-regulatory functions{\textemdash}just on di erent{\textless}br{\textgreater}hierarchical tiers. In the agency-based model proposed here executive{\textless}br{\textgreater}processes monitor and control action and attention from an executive tier of{\textless}br{\textgreater}operation, and metacognitive processes monitor and control those executive{\textless}br{\textgreater}processes from a second-order metacognitive tier of operation-both with{\textless}br{\textgreater}the function of facilitating e ective and ecient behavioral decisions. Each{\textless}br{\textgreater}is best conceptualized as comprising three key components: (i) what is{\textless}br{\textgreater}regulated, (ii) how, via what processes, is it regulated, and (iii) where, in what{\textless}br{\textgreater}cognitive workspace, is it regulated{\textemdash}either in individual or in shared agencies.{\textless}br{\textgreater}Developmentally, evidence is presented that executive processes for regulating{\textless}br{\textgreater}both individual and joint agencies emerge only after 9{\textendash}12 months of age, and{\textless}br{\textgreater}metacognitive processes for regulating both individual and collective agencies{\textless}br{\textgreater}emerge only after 3{\textendash}4 years of age. Cognitive flexibility, as an important{\textless}br{\textgreater}outcome, derives from the child{\textquoteright}s attempts to metacognitively regulate di ering{\textless}br{\textgreater}social perspectives within shared agencies.}}, journal = {{Frontiers in Developmental Psychology}}, volume = {2}, }