% pubman genre = article @article{item_3595528, title = {{Detailed mapping of the complex fiber structure and white matter pathways of the chimpanzee brain}}, author = {Eichner, Cornelius and Paquette, Michael and M{\"u}ller-Axt, Christa and Bock, Christian and Budinger, Eike and Gr{\"a}{\ss}le, Tobias and J{\"a}ger, Carsten and Kirilina, Evgeniya and Lipp, Ilona and M{\o}ller, Torsten and Olofsson-Sann{\"o}, Karin and Morawski, Markus and Rusch, Henriette and Wenk, Patricia and Weiskopf, Nikolaus and Wittig, Roman M. and Crockford, Catherine and Friederici, Angela D. and Anwander, Alfred}, language = {eng}, issn = {1548-7091}, doi = {10.1038/s41592-024-02270-1}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group}, address = {New York, NY}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-06}, abstract = {{Long-standing questions about human brain evolution may only be resolved through comparisons with close living evolutionary relatives, such as chimpanzees. This applies in particular to structural white matter (WM) connectivity, which continuously expanded throughout evolution. However, due to legal restrictions on chimpanzee research, neuroscience research currently relies largely on data with limited detail or on comparisons with evolutionarily distant monkeys. Here, we present a detailed magnetic resonance imaging resource to study structural WM connectivity in the chimpanzee. This open-access resource contains (1) WM reconstructions of a postmortem chimpanzee brain, using the highest-quality diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data yet acquired from great apes; (2) an optimized and validated method for high-quality fiber orientation reconstructions; and (3) major fiber tract segmentations for cross-species morphological comparisons. This dataset enabled us to identify phylogenetically relevant details of the chimpanzee connectome, and we anticipate that it will substantially contribute to understanding human brain evolution. {\copyright} 2024. The Author(s).}}, journal = {{Nature Methods}}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {1122--1130}, }