% pubman genre = article
@article{item_3620108,
title = {{The rise and transformation of Bronze Age pastoralists in the Caucasus}},
author = {Ghalichi, Ayshin and Reinhold, Sabine and Rohrlach, Adam Ben and Kalmykov, Alexey A. and Childebayeva, Ainash and Yu, He and Aron, Franziska and Semerau, Lena and Bastert-Lamprichs, Katrin and Belinskiy, Andrey B. and Berezina, Natalia Y. and Berezin, Yakov B. and Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen and Buzhilova, Alexandra P. and Erlikh, Vladimir R. and Fehren-Schmitz, Lars and Gambashidze, Irina and Kantorovich, Anatoliy R. and Kolesnichenko, Konstantin B. and Lordkipanidze, David and Magomedov, Rabadan G. and Malek-Custodis, Katharina and Mariaschk, Dirk and Maslov, Vladimir E. and Mkrtchyan, Levon and Nagler, Anatoli and Fazeli Nashli, Hassan and Ochir, Maria and Piotrovskiy, Yuri Y. and Saribekyan, Mariam and Sheremetev, Aleksandr G. and St{\"o}llner, Thomas and Thomalsky, Judith and Vardanyan, Benik and Posth, Cosimo and Krause, Johannes and Warinner, Christina G. and Hansen, Svend and Haak, Wolfgang},
language = {eng},
issn = {0028-0836},
doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08113-5},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
address = {London},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-11-28},
abstract = {{The Caucasus and surrounding areas, with their rich metal resources, became a crucible of the Bronze Age1 and the birthplace of the earliest steppe pastoralist societies2. Yet, despite this region having a large influence on the subsequent development of Europe and Asia, questions remain regarding its hunter-gatherer past and its formation of expansionist mobile steppe societies3,4,5. Here we present new genome-wide data for 131 individuals from 38 archaeological sites spanning 6,000 years. We find a strong genetic differentiation between populations north and south of the Caucasus mountains during the Mesolithic, with Eastern hunter-gatherer ancestry4,6 in the north, and a distinct Caucasus hunter-gatherer ancestry7 with increasing East Anatolian farmer admixture in the south. During the subsequent Eneolithic period, we observe the formation of the characteristic West Eurasian steppe ancestry and heightened interaction between the mountain and steppe regions, facilitated by technological developments of the Maykop cultural complex8. By contrast, the peak of pastoralist activities and territorial expansions during the Early and Middle Bronze Age is characterized by long-term genetic stability. The Late Bronze Age marks another period of gene flow from multiple distinct sources that coincides with a decline of steppe cultures, followed by a transformation and absorption of the steppe ancestry into highland populations.}},
journal = {{Nature}},
volume = {635},
number = {8040},
pages = {917--925},
}