% pubman genre = article
@article{item_3637430,
title = {{The genetic origin of the Indo-Europeans}},
author = {Lazaridis, Iosif and Patterson, Nick and Anthony, David and Vyazov, Leonid and Fournier, Romain and Ringbauer, Harald and Olalde, I{\~n}igo and Khokhlov, Alexander A. and Kitov, Egor P. and Shishlina, Natalia I. and Ailinc{\u{a}}i, Sorin C. and Agapov, Danila S. and Agapov, Sergey A. and Batieva, Elena and Bauyrzhan, Baitanayev and Bereczki, Zsolt and Buzhilova, Alexandra and Changmai, Piya and Chizhevsky, Andrey A. and Ciobanu, Ion and Constantinescu, Mihai and Cs{\'a}nyi, Marietta and Dani, J{\'a}nos and Dashkovskiy, Peter K. and {\'E}vinger, S{\'a}ndor and Faifert, Anatoly and Flegontov, Pavel and Fr{\^\i}nculeasa, Alin and Fr{\^\i}nculeasa, M{\u{a}}d{\u{a}}lina N. and Hajdu, Tam{\'a}s and Higham, Tom and Jarosz, Pawe{\l} and Jel{\'\i}nek, Pavol and Khartanovich, Valeri I. and Kirginekov, Eduard N. and Kiss, Vikt{\'o}ria and Kitova, Alexandera and Kiyashko, Alexeiy V. and Koledin, Jovan and Korolev, Arkady and Kosintsev, Pavel and Kulcs{\'a}r, Gabriella and Kuznetsov, Pavel and Magomedov, Rabadan and Mamedov, Aslan M. and Melis, Eszter and Moiseyev, Vyacheslav and Moln{\'a}r, Erika and Monge, Janet and Negrea, Octav and Nikolaeva, Nadezhda A. and Novak, Mario and Ochir-Goryaeva, Maria and P{\'a}lfi, Gy{\"o}rgy and Popovici, Sergiu and Rykun, Marina P. and Savenkova, Tatyana M. and Semibratov, Vladimir P. and Seregin, Nikolai N. and {\v{S}}ef{\v{c}}{\'a}kov{\'a}, Alena and Mussayeva, Raikhan S. and Shingiray, Irina and Shirokov, Vladimir N. and Simalcsik, Angela and Sirak, Kendra and Solodovnikov, Konstantin N. and T{\'a}rnoki, Judit and Tishkin, Alexey A. and Trifonov, Viktor and Vasilyev, Sergey and Akbari, Ali and Brielle, Esther S. and Callan, Kim and Candilio, Francesca and Cheronet, Olivia and Curtis, Elizabeth and Flegontova, Olga and Iliev, Lora and Kearns, Aisling and Keating, Denise and Lawson, Ann Marie and Mah, Matthew and Micco, Adam and Michel, Megan and Oppenheimer, Jonas and Qiu, Lijun and Workman, J. Noah and Zalzala, Fatma and Sz{\'e}cs{\'e}nyi-Nagy, Anna and Palamara, Pier Francesco and Mallick, Swapan and Rohland, Nadin and Pinhasi, Ron and Reich, David},
language = {eng},
issn = {0028-0836},
doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08531-5},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
address = {London},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-03},
abstract = {{The Yamnaya archaeological complex appeared around 3300 bc across the steppes north of the Black and Caspian Seas, and by 3000 bc it reached its maximal extent, ranging from Hungary in the west to Kazakhstan in the east. To localize Yamnaya origins among the preceding Eneolithic people, we assembled ancient DNA from 435 individuals, demonstrating three genetic clines. A Caucasus{\textendash}lower Volga (CLV) cline suffused with Caucasus hunter-gatherer1 ancestry extended between a Caucasus Neolithic southern end and a northern end at Berezhnovka along the lower Volga river. Bidirectional gene flow created intermediate populations, such as the north Caucasus Maikop people, and those at Remontnoye on the steppe. The Volga cline was formed as CLV people mixed with upriver populations of Eastern hunter-gatherer2 ancestry, creating hypervariable groups, including one at Khvalynsk. The Dnipro cline was formed when CLV people moved west, mixing with people with Ukraine Neolithic hunter-gatherer ancestry3 along the Dnipro and Don rivers to establish Serednii Stih groups, from whom Yamnaya ancestors formed around 4000 bc and grew rapidly after 3750{\textendash}3350 bc. The CLV people contributed around four-fifths of the ancestry of the Yamnaya and, entering Anatolia, probably from the east, at least one-tenth of the ancestry of Bronze Age central Anatolians, who spoke Hittite4,5. We therefore propose that the final unity of the speakers of {\textquoteleft}proto-Indo-Anatolian{\textquoteright}, the language ancestral to both Anatolian and Indo-European people, occurred in CLV people some time between 4400 bc and 4000 bc.}},
journal = {{Nature}},
volume = {639},
number = {8053},
pages = {132--142},
}