% pubman genre = article
@article{item_3639047,
title = {{International norms for adult handgrip strength: A systematic review of data on 2.4 million adults aged 20 to 100+ years from 69 countries and regions}},
author = {Tomkinson, Grant R. and Lang, Justin J. and Rub{\'\i}n, Luk{\'a}{\v{s}} and McGrath, Ryan and Gower, Bethany and Boyle, Terry and Klug, Marilyn G. and Mayhew, Alexandra J. and Blake, Henry T. and Ortega, Francisco B. and Cadenas-Sanchez, Cristina and Magnussen, Costan G. and Fraser, Brooklyn J. and Kidokoro, Tetsuhiro and Liu, Yang and Christensen, Kaare and Leong, Darryl P. and Aadahl, Mette and Abdin, Edimansyah and Alcazar, Julian and Alenazi, Aqeel and Alqahtani, Bader and Amaral, Cledir De A. and Amaral, Thatiana L.M. and Fernandes, Alex Andrade and Axelsson, Peter and Baldwin, Jennifer N. and Bammann, Karin and Barbosa, Aline R. and Bardo, Ameline and Bimali, Inosha and Bjerregaard, Peter and Bobak, Martin and Boreham, Colin A. and B{\"o}s, Klaus and Marins, Jo{\~a}o Carlos Bouzas and Burns, Joshua and Capkova, Nadezda and Castillo-Mart{\'\i}nez, Lilia and Chen, Liang-Kung and Choi, Siu Ming and Choong, Rebecca K.J. and Confortin, Susana C. and Cooper, Cyrus and Correa-Bautista, Jorge E. and Cournil, Amandine and Cruz, Grace and de Bruin, Eling D. and De Paz, Jos{\'e} Antonio and Moreira, Bruno De Souza and Anjos, Luiz Antonio Dos and Reyna, Mar{\'\i}a Cristina Enr{\'\i}quez and Ferriolli, Eduardo and Forrester, Gillian and Frolova, Elena and Gebre, Abadi K. and Ghaleb, Atef M. and Gill, Tiffany K. and Gondo, Yasuyuki and Gonzalez, M. Cristina and Alvarez, Citlali Gonzalez and Hannah, Mary K. and Harvey, Nicholas C. and Hogrel, Jean-Yves and Huemer, Marie-Theres and Iidaka, Toshiko and Ingram, Lewis A. and Jdanov, Dmitri A. and Keevil, Victoria L. and Kemmler, Wolfgang and Kenny, Rose Anne and Kim, Dae-Yeon and Kivell, Tracy L. and Kj{\ae}r, Ingirid G.H. and Kluttig, Alexander and Kozakai, Rumi and Langer, Danit and Larsen, Lisbeth A. and Lee, Wei-Ju and Leon, David A. and Lichtenstein, Eric and Little, Bertis B. and Louren{\c{c}}o, Roberto Alves and Malhotra, Rahul and Malina, Robert M. and Matsumoto, Kiyoaki and Mazor-Karsenty, Tal and McKay, Marnee J. and McLoughlin, Sin{\'e}ad and Mensegere, Abhishek L. and Mohammadian, Mostafa and Moreira, Virgilio Garcia and Murayama, Hiroshi and Murray, Anne and Neri, Anita Liberalesso and Niessner, Claudia and Oth{\'o}n, Gabriel N{\'u}{\~n}ez and Olveira, Gabriel and Orchard, Suzanne G. and Pajak, Andrezj and Park, Chan Woong and Pasco, Julie A. and Reyes, Maria E. Pe{\~n}a and Pereira, Leani Souza M{\'a}ximo and Peters, Annette and Poon, Eric Tsz-Chun and Portela, Margareth C. and Pratt, Jedd and Ram{\'\i}rez-V{\'e}lez, Robinson and Rodr{\'\i}guez-Garc{\'\i}a, Wendy and Ryan, Joanne and San-Mart{\'\i}n, Mauricio A. and S{\'a}nchez-Torralvo, Francisco Jos{\'e} and Saremi, Mahnaz and Schmidt-Trucks{\"a}ss, Arno and Seino, Satoshi and Shah, Shamsul Azhar and Sim, Marc and Strand, Bj{\o}rn Heine and Subramaniam, Mythily and Suetta, Charlotte and Sui, Sophia X. and Sundarakumar, Jonas S. and Suzuki, Koya and Tamosiunas, Abdonas and Tan, Maw Pin and Taniguchi, Yu and Thorand, Barbara and Turusheva, Anna and Tveter, Anne Therese and Wagner, Jonathan and Wang, Dao and Warden, Stuart J. and Wearing, Julia and Wee, Shiou Liang and Westbury, Leo D. and Wi{\'s}niowska-Szurlej, Agnieszka and Woll, Alexander and Yoshimura, Noriko and Yu, Ruby},
language = {eng},
issn = {20952546},
doi = {10.1016/j.jshs.2024.101014},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-12},
abstract = {{Background: Muscular strength is a powerful marker of current health status and robust predictor of age-related disease and disability. Handgrip strength (HGS) using isometric dynamometry is a convenient, feasible, and widely used method of assessing muscular strength among people of all ages. While adult HGS norms have been published for many countries, no study has yet synthesized available data to produce international norms. The objective of this study was to generate international sex- and age-specific norms for absolute and body size-normalized HGS across the adult lifespan. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in 6 databases/web search engines (MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Google Scholar) up to December 1, 2023. We included full-text peer-reviewed observational studies that reported normative HGS data for adults aged $\geq$20 years by sex and age. Pseudo data were generated using Monte Carlo simulation following harmonization for methodological variation. Population-weighted Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale, and Shape were used to develop sex- and age-specific norms for absolute HGS (kg) and HGS normalized by height (Ht, m) squared (i.e., HGS/Ht2 in kg/m2). Norms were tabulated as percentile values (5th to 95th) and visualized as smoothed percentile curves. Results: We included data from 100 unique observational studies representing 2,405,863 adults (51.9{\textpercent} female) aged 20 to 100+ years from 69 countries and regions tested from the year 2000 onward. On average, absolute and normalized HGS values negligibly improved throughout early adulthood, peaked from age 30{\textendash}39 years (at 49.7 kg (males) and 29.7 kg (females) for absolute HGS or 16.3 kg/m2 (males) and 11.3 kg/m2 (females) for HGS/Ht2), and declined afterwards. The age-related decline in HGS accelerated from middle to late adulthood and was slightly larger for males than for females during middle adulthood. Conclusion: This study provides the world{\textquotesingle}s largest and most geographically comprehensive international norms for adult HGS by sex and age. These norms have utility for global peer-comparisons, health screening, and surveillance. {\copyright} 2025}},
journal = {{Journal of Sport and Health Science}},
volume = {14},
eid = {101014},
}