% pubman genre = article
@article{item_3647486,
title = {{Punic people were genetically diverse with almost no Levantine ancestors (advance online)}},
author = {Ringbauer, Harald and Salman-Minkov, Ayelet and Regev, Dalit and Olalde, I{\~n}igo and Peled, Tomer and Sineo, Luca and Falsone, Gioacchino and van Dommelen, Peter and Mittnik, Alissa and Lazaridis, Iosif and Pettener, Davide and Bofill, Maria and Mezquida, Ana and Costa, Benjam{\'\i} and Jim{\'e}nez, Helena and Smith, Patricia and Vai, Stefania and Modi, Alessandra and Shaus, Arie and Callan, Kim and Curtis, Elizabeth and Kearns, Aisling and Lawson, Ann Marie and Mah, Matthew and Micco, Adam and Oppenheimer, Jonas and Qiu, Lijun and Stewardson, Kristin and Workman, J. Noah and M{\'a}rquez-Grant, Nicholas and S{\'a}ez Romero, Antonio M. and Lavado Florido, Mar{\'\i}a Luisa and Jim{\'e}nez-Arenas, Juan Manuel and Toro Moyano, Isidro Jorge and Viguera, Enrique and Padilla, Jos{\'e} Su{\'a}rez and Chamizo, Sonia L{\'o}pez and Marques-Bonet, Tomas and Lizano, Esther and Riaza, Alicia Rodero and Olivieri, Francesca and Toti, Pamela and Giuliana, Valentina and Barash, Alon and Carmel, Liran and Boaretto, Elisabetta and Faerman, Marina and Lucci, Michaela and La Pastina, Francesco and Nava, Alessia and Genchi, Francesco and Del Vais, Carla and Lauria, Gabriele and Meli, Francesca and Sconzo, Paola and Catalano, Giulio and Cilli, Elisabetta and Fariselli, Anna Chiara and Fontani, Francesco and Luiselli, Donata and Culleton, Brendan J. and Mallick, Swapan and Rohland, Nadin and Nigro, Lorenzo and Coppa, Alfredo and Caramelli, David and Pinhasi, Ron and Lalueza-Fox, Carles and Gronau, Ilan and Reich, David},
language = {eng},
issn = {0028-0836; 1476-4687},
doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-08913-3},
year = {2025},
abstract = {{The maritime Phoenician civilization from the Levant transformed the entire Mediterranean during the first millennium bce1,2,3. However, the extent of human movement between the Levantine Phoenician homeland and Phoenician{\textendash}Punic settlements in the central and western Mediterranean has been unclear in the absence of comprehensive ancient DNA studies. Here, we generated genome-wide data for 210 individuals, including 196 from 14 sites traditionally identified as Phoenician and Punic in the Levant, North Africa, Iberia, Sicily, Sardinia and Ibiza, and an early Iron Age individual from Algeria. Levantine Phoenicians made little genetic contribution to Punic settlements in the central and western Mediterranean between the sixth and second centuries bce, despite abundant archaeological evidence of cultural, historical, linguistic and religious links4. Instead, these inheritors of Levantine Phoenician culture derived most of their ancestry from a genetic profile similar to that of Sicily and the Aegean. Much of the remaining ancestry originated from North Africa, reflecting the growing influence of Carthage5. However, this was a minority contributor of ancestry in all of the sampled sites, including in Carthage itself. Different Punic sites across the central and western Mediterranean show similar patterns of high genetic diversity. We also detect genetic relationships across the Mediterranean, reflecting shared demographic processes that shaped the Punic world.}},
journal = {{Nature}},
}