% pubman genre = article
@article{item_3648362,
title = {{Art in red: New dates for paintings in the Cave of Altamira, Santillana del Mar, Spain}},
author = {Shao, Qingfeng and Heras, Carmen de las and Prada, Alfredo and Fat{\'a}s, Pilar and D{\'\i}az-Gonz{\'a}lez, Luc{\'\i}a M. and Ord{\'a}s, Deborah and S{\'a}nchez-Moral, M. Elena and Gr{\"u}n, Rainer and Garc{\^e}s, Sara and Gomes, Hugo and Lattao, Virginia and Nash, George H. and Bossoms Mesa, Alba and Rosina, Pierluigi and Garc{\'\i}a Arranz, Jos{\'e} Julio and Fern{\'a}ndez-S{\'a}nchez, Diego and Mira, Hugo A. and von Petzinger, Genevieve and Collado Giraldo, Hip{\'o}lito},
language = {eng},
issn = {03054403},
doi = {10.1016/j.jas.2025.106235},
year = {2025},
date = {2025},
abstract = {{La cueva de Altamira es un enclave declarado Patrimonio Mundial por UNESCO, famoso por sus pinturas y grabados prehist{\'o}ricos. Aunque el arte rupestre de la cueva de Altamira fue descubierto hace m{\'a}s de 140 a{\~n}os, su evoluci{\'o}n cronol{\'o}gica a{\'u}n no est{\'a} plenamente definida (Heras, Montes y Lasheras, 2013). Las anteriores dataciones por radiocarbono del pigmento negro de alguna de sus pinturas, suger{\'\i}an una edad magdaleniense para ellas, mientras que las dataciones por series de uranio de costras carbonatadas indicaban que algunas de las figuras pintadas en rojo pueden atribuirse al periodo Auri{\~n}aciense (PIKE et al., 2012; Garc{\'\i}a et al., 2013). Dentro del marco del proyecto internacional FIRST ART, se recogieron nuevas muestras de costras carbonatadas superpuestas a elementos gr{\'a}ficos representados en varios puntos de la cueva de Altamira para su dataci{\'o}n mediante el m{\'e}todo de series de uranio. El objetivo principal de este nuevo estudio fue verificar la validez de las anteriores dataciones obtenidas por series de uranio y obtener nuevos datos que proporcionen informaci{\'o}n que contribuya a clarificar la secuencia diacr{\'o}nica del conocido "Techo de los Policromos". Tres muestras sedimentarias, analizadas para evaluar la relaci{\'o}n de actividad detr{\'\i}tica 230Th/232Th, proporcionaron un valor medio de 0,862 $\pm$ 0,127, que se utiliz{\'o} como valor espec{\'\i}fico del sitio para las correcciones de las edades proporcionadas por las nuevas muestras datadas por series de uranio. La muestra ALT22-SP1B arroj{\'o} una edad m{\'\i}nima de 32.790 $\pm$ 4830 a{\~n}os para los signos claviformes, y las muestras ALT20-SP03 y ALT20-SP04 proporcionaron edades m{\'\i}nimas de 22.600 $\pm$ 70 a{\~n}os y 32.020 $\pm$ 170 a{\~n}os para los caballos pintados en rojo. En general, los nuevos resultados confirman las edades por series de uranio previamente publicadas para el Techo de los Policromos, y sugieren la coexistencia de pinturas rupestres figurativas y simb{\'o}licas en la Pen{\'\i}nsula Ib{\'e}rica desde las primeras etapas del Paleol{\'\i}tico superior. The Cave of Altamira is a designated World Heritage Site, famous for its prehistoric paintings and engravings. Although the rock art of Cave of Altamira was discovered more than 140 years ago, its chronology has remained unclear (Heras, Montes y Lasheras, 2013). Previous radiocarbon dating of charcoal, which was used as black pigment for the paintings, suggested a Magdalenian age, while U-series dating of overlying carbonate crusts indicated that some of the red-painted figures can be attributed to the Aurignacian period (Pike et al., 2012; Garc{\'\i}a et al., 2013). Within the international project FIRST ART framework, new samples were collected from carbonate crusts superimposed on graphic elements represented at various points of the Cave of Altamira for dating, using Uranium-Thorium (the U-series) dating method. The main objective of this new study was to verify the previous U-series ages estimates and to obtain new data that would provide information to clarify the diachronic sequence of the iconographic set known in this cave, with particular emphasis on the so-called {\textquotedblleft}Polychrome Ceiling{\textquotedblright}. Three sedimentary samples, analysed to assess the detrital (230Th/232Th) activity ratio, provided a mean of 0.862 $\pm$ 0.127, which was used as the site-specific value for U-series age corrections. Sample ALT22-SP1B yielded a minimum age of 32,790 $\pm$ 4830 years for the claviform motifs, and Samples ALT20-SP03 and ALT20-SP04 yielded minimum ages of 22,600 $\pm$ 70 years and 32,020 $\pm$ 170 years for the associated, red-painted horses. Overall, the newly obtained results confirm the previously published U-series ages for the Polychrome Ceiling, and suggest the coexistence of figurative and symbolic rock paintings in the Iberian Peninsula from the earliest part of the Upper Palaeolithic. {\copyright} 2025 Elsevier Ltd}},
journal = {{Journal of Archaeological Science}},
volume = {179},
eid = {106235},
}