% pubman genre = article
@article{item_3652850,
title = {{Genome-wide association study of long COVID (advance online)}},
author = {Lammi, Vilma and Nakanishi, Tomoko and Jones, Samuel E. and Andrews, Shea J. and Karjalainen, Juha and Cort{\'e}s, Beatriz and O{\textquoteright}Brien, Heath E. and Ochoa-Guzman, Ana and Fulton-Howard, Brian E. and Broberg, Martin and Haapaniemi, Hele H. and Kanai, Masahiro and Pirinen, Matti and Schmidt, Axel and Mitchell, Ruth E. and Mousas, Abdou and Mangino, Massimo and Huerta-Chagoya, Alicia and Sinnott-Armstrong, Nasa and Cirulli, Elizabeth T. and Vaudel, Marc and Kwong, Alex S. F. and Maiti, Amit K. and Marttila, Minttu M. and Posner, Daniel C. and Rodriguez, Alexis A. and Batini, Chiara and Minnai, Francesca and Dearman, Anna R. and Warmerdam, C. A. Robert and Sequeros, Celia B. and Winkler, Thomas W. and Jordan, Daniel M. and Re{\v{s}}cenko, Raimonds and Miano, Lorenzo and Lane, Jacqueline M. and Chung, Ryan K. and Guillen-Guio, Beatriz and Leavy, Olivia C. and Carvajal-Silva, Laura and Aguilar-Vald{\'e}s, Kevin and Frangione, Erika and Guare, Lindsay and Vergasova, Ekaterina and Marouli, Eirini and Striano, Pasquale and Zainulabid, Ummu Afeera and Kumar, Ashutosh and Ahmad, Hajar Fauzan and Edahiro, Ryuya and Azekawa, Shuhei and Niemi, Mari E. K. and St-Cyr, Janick and Adra, Darin and Durand, Madeleine and Bujold, David and Bourque, Guillaume and Boisclair, Ariane and Bertrand, Mylene and Auld, Daniel and Laurent, Laetitia and Yanishevsky, Solomia and Lathrop, G. Mark and Shi, Fangyi and Rousseau, Simon and Ragoussis, Jiannis and Perley, Danielle and Mooser, Vincent and Morrison, David R. and Balla, Daniella and Heggemann, Julia and Schultz, Sonja and Behzad, Pari and N{\"o}then, Markus M. and Miller, Abigail and Pensel, Max C. and Maj, Carlo and Cho, Kelly and Cai, Tianxi and Iyengar, Sudha K. and Aguilar Salinas, Carlos A. and Lee, Seung Hyuk T. and Moreno-Macias, Hortensia and Pajukanta, P{\"a}ivi and Duran-Gomez, Michelle and Trogstad, Lill and Rader, Daniel J. and Ritchie, Marylyn D. and Verma, Anurag and Kripke, Colleen M. and Papiol, Sergi and Wiltfang, Jens and Schneider, Jochen and Schulze, Thomas G. and Winter, Christof and Wallin, Ewa and Frithiof, Robert and Senner, Fanny and Spinner, Christoph D. and Protzer, Ulrike and Cordioli, Mattia and Mueller, Nikola S. and Dinkel, Andreas and Kalman, Janos L. and Maricic, Tomislav and Adorjan, Kristina and Lipcsey, Miklos and Fricke, Lisa and Larsson, Ing-Marie and Heilbronner, Urs and Budde, Monika and Erber, Johanna and Harvey, Nicholas R. and Forgetta, Vince and Hignell, Benedict and Espinosa-Parrilla, Yolanda and Saez Hidalgo, Juan M. and Nova-Lamperti, Estefania and Guti{\'e}rrez-Richards, Scarlett and Donoso, Gerardo and Cerpa, Leslie C. and Echeverria, Cesar A. and Cabrera, Camilo and Bocchieri, Pamela and Fuentes-Guajardo, Macarena and Mu{\~n}oz, Christian A. and Or{\'o}stica, Karen Y. and Figueroa, Alvaro and Guajardo, Lissette G. and Signore, Iskra A. and Monardes-Ram{\'\i}rez, Virginia A. and Tobar-Calfucoy, Eduardo A. and Qui{\~n}ones, Luis A. and Y{\'a}{\~n}ez, Cristian E. and Zapata-Contreras, Daniela and Zu{\~n}iga-Pacheco, Paula and Quiroga, Romina and Mart{\'\i}nez, Mat{\'\i}as F. and Alarcon, Teresa A. and Silva, Andrea X. and Selman, Carolina S. and Sanhueza, Sergio and Retamales-Ortega, Roc{\'\i}o and Ar{\'e}valo, Tamara V. and Lamoza, Eduardo and Valenzuela-Jorquera, H{\'e}ctor and Donaire, Maria Sophia and Sarvadhavabhatla, Sannidhi and Ostrowski, Sisse R. and Brunak, S{\o}ren and Westergaard, David and Feenstra, Bjarke and Mortensen, Anne Sofie B. and Guyatt, Anna L. and de Cid, Rafael and Iraola-Guzm{\'a}n, Susana and Moncunill, Gemma and Blasco, Alba and Garcia-Aymerich, Judith and Blay, Natalia and Doba{\~n}o, Carlota and Carreras, Anna and Farr{\'e}, Xavier and Kogevinas, Manolis and Casta{\~n}o-Vinyals, Gemma and Furini, Simone and Fallerini, Chiara and Zguro, Kristina and Baldassarri, Margherita and Colombo, Francesca and Hannah, Thompson and Ilinskaya, Anna and Trofimov, Michil and Shaheen, Layal and Plotnikov, Nikolay and Kim, Anna and Kharitonov, Dmitrii and Ilinsky, Valery and Kamelin, Alexei and Tanudjaja, Francisco and Sandoval, Efren and Washington, Nicole L. and White, Simon and Neveux, Iva and Dabe, Shaun and Bolze, Alexandre and Schiabor Barrett, Kelly M. and Christaki, Eirini and Milionis, Haralampos and Tzoulaki, Ioanna and Liontos, Angelos and Evangelou, Evangelos and Ntzani, Evangelia and Aliannejad, Rasoul and Zarei, Vahideh and Soltani, Nastaran and Sharififard, Bahareh and Tadi, Hengameh Ansari and Amirsavadkouhi, Ali and NamKoong, Ho and Thompson, Ryan C. and Charney, Alexander W. and Sloofman, Laura G. and Simons, Nicole W. and Vishnyakova, Olga and Xinyi, Xu and Taher, Jennifer and Elliott, Lloyd T. and Rovite, Vita and Raitis, Peculis and Briviba, Monta and Klovin{\v{s}}, Janis and Saxena, Richa and Burns, Angus C. and Cherry, Jakob M. and Maher, Matthew and Kukkonen, Arne and Tettamanti, Mauro and Ronzoni, Luisa and Prati, Daniele and Peyvandi, Flora and Carpani, Rossana and Muscatello, Antonio and Margarita, Sara and Malvestiti, Francesco and Lamorte, Giuseppe and Mantero, Marco and Franke, Andre and Ellinghaus, David and Iannotti, Nathalie and Montano, Nicola and Nobili, Alessandro and Degenhardt, Frauke and Bandera, Alessandra and Blandini, Fabio and Blasi, Francesco Bruno Arturo and Karlsen, Tom Hemming and Luoh, Shiuh-Wen and Erikstrup, Christian and Pedersen, Ole B. V. and Lerner-Ellis, Jordan and Colombo, Alicia and Grzymski, Joseph J. and Ishii, Makoto and Okada, Yukinori and Beckmann, Noam D. and Kumari, Meena and Wagner, Ralf and Heid, Iris M. and John, Catherine and Short, Patrick J. and Magnus, Per and Ansone, Laura and Valenti, Luca V. C. and Lee, Sulggi A. and Wain, Louise V. and Verdugo, Ricardo A. and Banasik, Karina and Geller, Frank and Franke, Lude H. and Rakitko, Alexander and Duncan, Emma L. and Renieri, Alessandra and Tsilidis, Konstantinos K. and de Cid, Rafael and Niavarani, Ahmadreza and Abner, Erik and Tusi{\'e}-Luna, Teresa and Verma, Shefali S. and Smith, George Davey and Timpson, Nicholas J. and Madduri, Ravi K. and Cho, Kelly and Daly, Mark J. and Ganna, Andrea and Schulte, Eva C. and Richards, J. Brent and Ludwig, Kerstin U. and Marks-Hultstr{\"o}m, Michael and Zeberg, Hugo and Ollila, Hanna M.},
language = {eng},
issn = {1061-4036; 1546-1718},
doi = {10.1038/s41588-025-02100-w},
year = {2025},
abstract = {{Generative models are an underutilized tool in bioarchaeology that make it possible to directly interrogate how age-at-death is influenced by varied risk of exposure to stressors, while accounting for factors which are ordinarily invisible to bioarchaeologists. Further, the visibility of suspected differences within populations at the sorts of sample sizes common to bioarchaeology can also be examined, helping to inform interpretation of findings. In the present study, cohorts of 50, 100, 500, and 1000 individuals aged 0 years were generated. Each individual was assigned a frailty value, and to either high or low risk groups. These cohorts were run through simulation models in which exposure to stressors varied according to risk group and the severity of stressors if exposed. The difference in mean age-at-death between high and low risk group for each run was tested for significance using Welch{\textquotesingle}s t-test. The model results are used to identify potential minimum sample sizes for bioarcheological research at which true differences in age-at-death due to difference in stressor exposure are likely to be visible. Small cohorts (50 individuals) had low likelihood of detecting true risk group differences in age-at-death except when the difference in exposure to stressors or the severity of the stressor was great enough to produce a mean difference in lifespan of {\textgreater}20 years. The probability of observing a true difference in age-at-death between risk groups increased when the difference in stressor exposure and/or the stressor severity increased for all cohorts. Therefore, group-level differences in lifespan may not be identifiable in small archaeological samples except where stress or inequality is high. The low reliability of results from small samples reiterates the needs to carefully examine equifinality in bioarcheological research, as demonstrated through the application of this model to a case study which examined the Late Woodland phase of the Dickson Mounds. This application assessed the three potential hypotheses put forth by Goodman and Armelagos (1988) to establish how likely they may be when sample size is not a limiting factor on visibility of potential difference within populations. {\copyright} 2025 The Authors}},
journal = {{Nature Genetics}},
}