%0 Journal Article %A Ben Mocha, Yitzchak %A Mundry, Roger %A Pika, Simone %+ Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society %T Why hide? Concealed sex in dominant Arabian babblers (Turdoides squamiceps) in the wild : %G eng %U https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0001-6BBE-2 %R 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2018.05.009 %7 2018-05-31 %D 2018 %* Review method: peer-reviewed %X Striking uniformity exists in humans' preference to conceal sexual activity from conspecifics' view. Yet, little is known about the selective pressures acting upon its evolution. To investigate this question, we studied the cooperatively breeding Arabian babbler (Turdoides squamiceps), which has been suggested being the only other species where dominant individuals conceal sex regularly. We examined whether birds indeed conceal sex and tested different hypotheses postulating that sex concealment functions to avoid predators, signal dominance status, or to avoid social interference. The results showed that the birds concealed sex in all observed cases of copulation, did not prefer to copulate under shelters and concealed mating solicitations from adult conspecifics. In addition, subordinates did not attack dominants who courted the respective female. Hence, none of the tested hypotheses explains these results satisfactorily. We postulate that dominant Arabian babblers conceal sex to maintain cooperation with those helpers they prevent from mating. Empirical desiderata for testing this ‘Cooperation-Maintenance’ hypothesis are discussed. %K Arabian babbler; Birds; Concealed sex; Cooperatively breeding species; Human sexual behaviour; Tactical deception; Cooperation-Maintenance hypothesis %J Evolution and Human Behavior %V 39 %N 6 %& 575 %P 575 - 582 %I Elsevier %C New York, NY %@ 1090-5138