%0 Journal Article
%A Macklin-Cordes, Jayden L.
%A Round, Erich R.
%+ Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society
%T Re-evaluating phoneme frequencies : 
%G eng
%U https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0007-9042-B
%R 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.570895
%F OTHER: shh2768
%D 2020
%8 20.11.2020
%* Review method: peer-reviewed
%X Causal processes can give rise to distinctive distributions in the linguistic variables that they affect. Consequently, a secure understanding of a variable's distribution can hold a key to understanding the forces that have causally shaped it. A storied distribution in linguistics has been Zipf's law, a kind of power law. In the wake of a major debate in the sciences around power-law hypotheses and the unreliability of earlier methods of evaluating them, here we re-evaluate the distributions claimed to characterize phoneme frequencies. We infer the fit of power laws and three alternative distributions to 166 Australian languages, using a maximum likelihood framework. We find evidence supporting earlier results, but also nuancing them and increasing our understanding of them. Most notably, phonemic inventories appear to have a Zipfian-like frequency structure among their most-frequent members (though perhaps also a lognormal structure) but a geometric (or exponential) structure among the least-frequent. We compare these new insights the kinds of causal processes that affect the evolution of phonemic inventories over time, and identify a potential account for why, despite there being an important role for phonetic substance in phonemic change, we could still expect inventories with highly diverse phonetic content to share similar distributions of phoneme frequencies. We conclude with priorities for future work in this promising program of research.
%K power laws, Zipf's law, phoneme inventories, distributions, maximum likelihood, Australian languages, phonology
%Z Introduction
Materials and Methods
- Data
- Statistical framework
Results
- Power law distribution with x(min)
- Alternative distributions
- Lognormal distribution
- Exponential distribution
- Poisson distribution
- Summary of results by individual distribution type
- Evaluation of comparative Best fit
Discussion
- Power laws in Linguistics
- Findings from a more reliable evaluation procedure
- Distributions: Outcome of stochastic processes linked to casual factors
- Casual processes of phoneme addition, removal, and redistribution
- Implications for explanatory accounts
- Reasons to seek wider horizons
Conclusions
%J Frontiers in Psychology
%V 11
%] 570895
%I Frontiers Research Foundation
%C Pully, Switzerland
%@ 1664-1078