%0 Thesis %A Papac, Luka %+ Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society %T Tracking population history, social structure and intergroup exchange in Neolithic to Bronze Age Europe using ancient human and virus genomes : %G eng %U https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000C-8A54-A %U https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:27-dbt-20221104-083657-005 %U https://www.db-thueringen.de/receive/dbt_mods_00053720 %I Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Faculty of Biosciences %C Jena %D 2022 %8 24.02.2022 %P 337 %V phd %9 phd %X Archaeogenetics has revealed two major migrations that shaped European prehistory; one starting in the 7th millennium BCE and associated with the transition to agriculture, and another with the appearence of the Corded Ware cultural complex in the early 3rd millennium BCE. However, most findings have come from studies employing a continent-wide and/or low regional density sampling approach, leaving many temporal and geographic gaps in the current European archaeogenetic record. In order to build upon previous studies, this thesis employed a high-density sampling approach to study the population structure of Neolithic to Bronze Age central Europe in finer detail. In total, genome-wide ancient DNA was analysed from 283 newly reported individuals from present-day Bohemia, Czech Republic. In doing so, new insights into population structure, genetic turnovers, and social processes were discovered and discussed. These include a genetic turnover between the Jordanow and Funnelbeaker cultural groups, a genetic turnover between Early and Late Corded Ware groups, and a genetic turnover between Bell Beaker and Únětice groups. Insights into social structure and processes revealed the likely contacts between early farming communities with hunter-gatherer groups of Eastern Europe, that the integration of pre-Corded Ware people into Corded Ware society was likely a sex-biased process, and the emergence of a strict patrilineal social system in Late Corded Ware and Bell Beaker cultural groups which broke down with the appearance of early Únětice cultural groups. Insights from a detailed investigation into an Early Bronze Age cemetery from Mikulovice revealed a genetically homogeneous group with evidence of patrilocality and families spanning up to four generations. This thesis shows the potential of more detailed, higher-resolution studies to reveal previously unknown genetic structure and social processes. %K Alte DNA Böhmen Steinzeit Archäogenetik %Z 1. Introduction The human past Going molecular History of ancient DNA research Challenges of ancient DNA research Ancient DNA and the prehistory of Western Eurasia Archaic humans (>40,000 years ago) Hunter-gatherers (~43,000-6,000 years ago) Neolithic revolution “Steppe”-related ancestry Current shortfalls Ancient DNA and human pathogens Ancient DNA and social anthropology A note on archaeological “cultures” Archaeological background to Bohemia Neolithic (~5,400-4,400 BCE) Eneolithic (~4,400-2,200 BCE) Early Bronze Age (~2200-1700 BCE) 2. Aims of the thesis 3. Overview of manuscripts and author’s contribution 3.1 Manuscript A 3.2 Manuscript B 3.3 Manuscript C 3.4 Manuscript D 4. Manuscript A 5. Manuscript B 6. Manuscript C 7. Manuscript D 8. Discussion New insights into the Neolithic transition in Europe Previously unidentified genetic turnovers within Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Europe The genetic origins of Funnelbeaker-Baalberge individuals in Bohemia The genetic origins of Globular Amphora individuals in Bohemia The genetic shift between early and late CW individuals in Bohemia The origin of Únětice individuals in Bohemia Population turnovers involving genetically less distinct individuals Increasing resolution Insights into social processes in prehistoric Bohemia Interactions between CW and pre-CW individuals Social insights through distribution of Y chromosome diversity Zooming into the social organisation and behaviour within an Early Bronze Age community Future directions Conclusion 9. References for Introduction and Discussion sections 10. Summary 11. Zusammenfassung 12. Acknowledgements 13. Declaration of honour 14. Eigenständigkeitserklärung 15. Compliance with legal requirements