%0 Journal Article
%A Verkerk, Annemarie
%A Di Garbo, Francesca
%+ Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society
%T Sociogeographic correlates of typological variation in northwestern Bantu gender systems : 
%G eng
%U https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000C-9731-2
%R 10.1163/22105832-bja10017
%7 2022-01-07
%D 2022
%8 07.01.2022
%* Review method: peer-reviewed
%X This paper investigates the sociolinguistic factors that impact the typology and evolution of grammatical gender systems in northwestern Bantu, the most diverse area of the Bantu-speaking world. We base our analyses on a typological classification of 179 northwestern Bantu languages, focusing on various instances of semantic agreement and their role in the erosion of gender marking. In addition, we conduct in-depth analyses of the sociolinguistics and population history of the 17 languages of the sample with the most eroded gender systems. The sociohistorical factors identified to explain these highly eroded systems are then translated into a set of explanatory variables, which we use to conduct extensive quantitative analyses on the 179 language sample. These variables are population size, longitude, latitude, relationship with the Central African rainforest, and border with Ubangi/Central Sudanic languages. All these measures are relevant, with population size and bordering with Ubangi/Central Sudanic being the most robust factors in accounting for the distribution of gender restructuring. We conclude that fine-tuned variable design tailored to language and area-specific ecologies is crucial to the advancement of quantitative sociolinguistic typology.
%K grammatical gender; northwestern Bantu; animacy distinctions; complexity; language contact; phylogenetics; phylogenetic comparative methods; generalized linear mixed effect models
%Z 1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 The evolution of gender systems and its sociohistorical and environmental correlates
2.2 Bantu gender systems: General characteristics
2.3 Bantu gender systems: Animacy-based semantic agreement, with a focus on NWB
3 Methods
3.1 Variable design: Identifying sociohistorical and environmental correlates of gender restructuring
3.2 Variable implementation: Quantifying sociohistorical and environmental correlates of gender restructuring
4 Results: Modeling the sociogeographic correlates of restructuring and erosion in NWB gender systems
5 Discussion
5.1 Discussion of methods and findings
5.2 Prospects for future research
6 Concluding remarks
%J Language Dynamics and Change 
%& 1
%P 1 - 69
%] 10017
%I Brill
%C Leiden
%@ 2210-58242210-5832