%0 Journal Article %A Tomasello, Michael %+ Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society %T An agency-based model of executive and metacognitive regulation : %G eng %U https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000F-730C-3 %R 10.3389/fdpys.2024.1367381 %7 2024-03-08 %D 2024 %8 08.03.2024 %* Review method: peer-reviewed %X In the context of agentive decision making and action, both executive and
metacognitive processes serve self-regulatory functions—just on di erent
hierarchical tiers. In the agency-based model proposed here executive
processes monitor and control action and attention from an executive tier of
operation, and metacognitive processes monitor and control those executive
processes from a second-order metacognitive tier of operation-both with
the function of facilitating e ective and ecient behavioral decisions. Each
is best conceptualized as comprising three key components: (i) what is
regulated, (ii) how, via what processes, is it regulated, and (iii) where, in what
cognitive workspace, is it regulated—either in individual or in shared agencies.
Developmentally, evidence is presented that executive processes for regulating
both individual and joint agencies emerge only after 9–12 months of age, and
metacognitive processes for regulating both individual and collective agencies
emerge only after 3–4 years of age. Cognitive flexibility, as an important
outcome, derives from the child’s attempts to metacognitively regulate di ering
social perspectives within shared agencies. %K executive function, self-regulation, metacognition, agency, decision making %J Frontiers in Developmental Psychology %V 2 %@ 2813-7779