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Enduring patterns in the world’s languages

New study finds one-third of grammatical ‘universals’ stand up to rigorous testing

Despite the vast diversity of human languages, specific grammatical patterns appear again and again. A new study by an international team led by Annemarie Verkerk (Saarland University) and Russell D. Gray (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology) reveals that around a third of the long-proposed “linguistic universals” — patterns thought to hold across all languages — are statistically supported when examined with state-of-the-art evolutionary methods.

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© Verkerk et al. (Nature Human Behaviour, 2025)